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  3. There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

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问题     There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administrated system, and the traditional system.
    In a market system individual economic units are free to interact each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
    An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each kind of goods and services should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by government, shows amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example or complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
    In a traditional, society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group Of caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve, a stagnant society may result.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion (标准) for determining a person’s place in a traditional society?
选项 A、Family background.
B、Age.
C、Religious belief.
D、Custom.
答案B
解析 本题为事实题。文章第四段第一句“every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage，religion，and custom”意为“每个人在经济体制中的地位是由出身、宗教和习惯风俗来决定的”，因此B为正确答案。
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