首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res
admin
2016-01-05
54
问题
It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2, 000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16, 000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online.
Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
According to the text, online publication is significant in that
选项
A、it provides an easier access to scientific results.
B、it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.
C、it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.
D、it facilitates public investment in scientific research.
答案
A
解析
推断题。先看一下本文的行文结构,文章第一段主要描述了传统的出版方式,这种方式下,科学工作者只能通过订阅刊物来了解科学成果。文章第二段介绍一种新型的出版方式——网络出版,使得科技人员容易获得科学成果。第三段谈到科学的价值和投资回报取决于杂志的发行量和易获得性。第四段具体介绍了网络出版这一新型的出版形式。从文章的中心是关于一种新的出版方式,以及它给科学杂志出版带来的影响——科学成果可以被科学工作者更方便获得。中心词含有access,可以确定答案为A项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1CsZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Writealettertothepresidentofyourcollegeabouttheunpleasantconditionsoftheuniversitydormitory,suggestingpossible
Thereisconcernaroundtheapparentinabilityofscienceeducationtocountercurrentnegativeperceptionsofscienceinbothd
Thereisanoldsayingthatphilosophybakesnobread.Itisperhapsequallytruethatnobreadwouldeverhavebeenbakedwitho
TheeconomicdebateintheU.S.regardingthefiscalstimuluspackagecenteredon"bangforthebuck,"thatis,onwhethertaxc
Oneofthehallmarksofouranxietiesaboutthefutureisconfusionoverhowtoprepareyoungpeopleforit.Whatisitthatwe
Itisonlynaturalforleaderstotrytomakethemostoftheirstrengths.Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantagedirectspeople,a
Communicationisadynamicprocesswiththeinteractingcomponentsofsending,receivingandfeedback.Nonverbalcuesmayprovid
Writealettertothepresidentofyourcollegeabouttheunpleasantconditionsoftheuniversitydormitory,andsuggestingposs
【F1】WhenBushaskedCheney,theheadofhisvicepresidentialsearchteam,toactuallybecomehisrunningmate,itwascleartha
随机试题
注射用水和蒸馏水的检查项目的主要区别是,注射用水必须检查()
某地上16层商住楼,地下2层(未示出),系底层大空间剪力墙结构,如图6-20所示(仅表示1/2,另一半对称),2—16层均布置又剪力墙,其中第①、④、⑦轴线剪力墙落地,第②、③、⑤、⑥轴线为框支剪力墙。该建筑位于7度地震区,抗震设防类别丙类,设计底本地震加
建设工程的纠纷处理不仅涉及有关工程建设的法律法规,更常常需要运用大量的工程造价、工程质量方面的专业知识和熟悉建筑业自身特有的交易习惯和行业惯例。如果对此进行仲裁,体现了仲裁的()。
商品生产者或经营者为了把自己的商品区别于他人的同类商品,在商品上使用的一种特殊标记,被称为()。
廉租住房租金实行政府定价,租金标准组成包括()。
给浮嚣以_______,给躁急以清冽,给高蹈以平实,给粗犷以明丽。惟其这样,人生才见_______,世界才显精致,历史才有_______。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是:
接口按数据传输宽度分为哪几类?按操作的节拍分为哪几类?按信息传送的控制方式分为哪几类?
一台PC计算机系统启动时,首先执行的是(36),然后加载(37)。在设备管理中,虚拟设备的引入和实现是为了充分利用设备,提高系统效率,采用(38)来模拟低速设备(输入机或打印机)的工作。已知A、B的值和表达式A2/(5A+B)的求值过程,且A、B已
“黄金周”这一具有中国特色的假期始于1999年。政府为了促进旅游、购物,拉动“内需”,繁荣经济,人为地制造了农历春节、“五一”和“十一”三个长假。对刚刚富裕起来的中国市民而言,“黄金周”给了他们集中休闲的时间,使从未享受过长假的国人释放出惊人的能量和前所未
A、Thedevelopmentofthecomputer.B、Peoplehavemoreaccesstothestoredinformation.C、Itiseasiertostoremoreandmorein
最新回复
(
0
)