2. 外语
  3. In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Machinery and【C1】______technol

In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Machinery and【C1】______technol

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问题 In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Machinery and【C1】______technology were not existent. People who were not directly involved in trade often【C2】______in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.
Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of【C3】______. Industrial growth depended on several economic factors. First, industry requires an abundance of natural resources, especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber—all readily available on the North American Continent. Second, factories demand a large labor【C4】______. Between the 1870’s and the First World War (1914-1918), approximately 23 million immigrants【C5】______to the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.
Factories also offered a stop from the backbreaking work and financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life, were attracted to the cities by promises of【C6】______employment, regular paychecks, increased access to goods and services. Inventions like mechanized harvesters allowed one farmhand to perform work that【C7】______ had required several, thus making farming capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive.
The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of work was permanently altered. Whereas cottage industries【C8】______on a few highly skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more【C9】______, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less【C10】______.
A. monotonous B. expense C. production D. sophisticated
E. complex F. relied G. exclusively H. participated
I. concentrated J. streamed K. distribution L. steady
M. industrialization N. previously O. supply
【C1】
选项
答案D
解析 sophisticated，词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。根据首句信息“在19世纪早期，八成多的美国人都是以农业生产为生”，而与该词并列的词汇是machinery“机器”，可推测当时既没有机器也没有先进技术，能表示此意的最佳选项是sophisticated“尖端的”，且sophisticated／advanced technology“先进技术”也为常用表达，故选sophisticated。
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