首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great lea
admin
2013-01-15
61
问题
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It has also had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature, can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjetcs come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen?" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical context. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed not just to psychology in general, but to Frendian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their rightness of their theses. Psychohisotrians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.
Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); ii also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity, Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circum stances.
It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psyehohistorians probably prevent them from ______.
选项
A、producing a one-sided picture of an individual’s personality and motivation
B、uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions
C、offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical events
D、recognizing connections between a government’s political actions and the aspirations of government leaders
答案
B
解析
从第2段“And it violates... historians be alert to the negative instances:that would refute their rightness of their theses”和“Psychohisotrians,convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories,are also convinced that...”可知心理历史学家所运用的这种方法会让他们认为自己绝对正确,而没能找到可以得出此结论的其他的合理解释。所以选项B正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1b2O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Customersmayalsobepermittedto______theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.
IntheUnitedStatesatthetimeofWorldWarⅡ,(When)soldierswerescreened(formilitaryservice)thearmydefined(aminima
Thesinglegreatestshiftinthehistoryofmass-communicationtechnologyoccurredinthe15thcentury,andwaswelldescribedb
AstudybyscientistsinFinlandhasfoundthatmobilephoneradiationcancausechangesinhumancellsthatmightaffectthebr
Afteryuppiesanddinkies,anewcreaturefromadlandstalkstheblock.TheNYLON,anacronymlinkingNewYorkandLondon,isa
Complicated______itis,theproblemcanbesolvedinonly2hourswithanelectroniccomputer.
Themainideaofthesebusiness--schoolacademicsisappealing.Inawordwherecompaniesmustadapttonewtechnologiesandsou
Themotheristoldthatherchildisdesperatelyill—thechancesofsurvivalareslim,andthetreatmentisasdreadfulasthed
Socialpsychologistsarcusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsareawasteoftimebecausetheyjustprovetheobvious,andtel
We’ve______sugar.AskMrs.Jonestolendussome.
随机试题
_______结构简单,传递功率较大,效率高,无级变速实现方便,是国内外汽车传动研究和推广的重点。
简述组织设计的原则。
Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflumaymakea
A.极软而沉细B.浮而细软C.极细极软,按之欲绝D.举之无力,按之空虚微脉的脉象是
A血清碱性磷酸酶增高B血沉加快,粘蛋白增高C血浆球蛋白增高,尿内出现凝溶蛋白D尿中黑色试验阳性E以上都不是
某企业年末损益类账户转账前的本期发生额资料如下:该企业适用的所得税税率为25%。要求:根据上述资料,回答下列问题。根据以上资料,计算利润表中“利润总额”的填列数为()元。
替代互换也存在风险,其风险主要来自()。
趣味运动会中.6个人共同参加争夺三个项目的冠军,每项设一个冠军,则冠军归属的可能结果有().
A、 B、 C、 A本句是确认供应商在商定日期是否准时配送的反意疑问句。
Everyyear,millionsofanimalsundergopainfulsufferingordeathasaresultofscientificresearchintotheeffectsofdrugs
最新回复
(
0
)