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  3. We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium.【F1】On the one hand, globalization means that national frontie

We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium.【F1】On the one hand, globalization means that national frontie

admin2017-04-07  36
问题     We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium.【F1】On the one hand, globalization means that national frontiers are becoming increasingly meaningless, on the other hand, we are being swept by a wave of parochialism, with countries clinging to the notion of sovereignty. Many members of the UN have only become nation states in the last few decades, so I can understand why they are so keen to hang on to their independence. But there are so many factors in the world that make this position increasingly meaningless. Governments no longer have complete control over their economic and monetary policies, and many multinationals now have greater profits than individual countries’ GDP.
    The end of the cold war has brought its own dangers and we need to find a new balance of power in the world. It has also spawned many conflicts. Governments must be prepared to surrender some authority to global and regional institutions or we risk world disorder.【F2】It is tragic that, just when we need a strong international organization, the United Nations is starved of funds and often sidelined by its own member states. What happened in East Timor was unforgivable because it was foreseeable. Angola has been another sad instance of international vacillation. We need an international body with teeth—morally and in action. Perhaps the UN should be given its own force.
    【F3】I do think world war is less likely for the present, but I worry about the proliferation of nuclear weapons at one end and lethal small arms at the other. It is terrifying the way that power is increasingly disseminated to small, completely ruthless groups like terrorists, drug traffickers and local warlords. The great imponderable is that some nut could create a nuclear explosion. Or that some essentially local conflict could escalate out of control. You cannot isolate instability: it gets exported.
    【F4】Another worry stems from the huge economic imbalances in a world where the richest 20 percent have 86 percent of global GDP, and the 20 poorest countries only one percent.
    Humanitarian aid is no more than a palliative. Western countries must increase their development aid programs, not out of charity but for reasons of self-interest. The international implications of, for example, the collapse of the Africa are unthinkable. There must be a new concept of security based not just on military and defence matters but on economic and social concerns too.【F5】As long as more than a million people continue to live in direct poverty we can never hope to achieve national or international stability.
【F4】
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答案另一个担心源自世界经济的极大不平衡，占世界人口20%的最富有国家拥有全球国内生产总值的86%，而20个最穷的国家仅拥有1%。
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