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Conventional wisdom suggests that students perform better when they are enrolled in smaller classes. But new research and advoca

admin2015-03-25  49
问题     Conventional wisdom suggests that students perform better when they are enrolled in smaller classes. But new research and advocacy groups suggest that targeted resizing of classes—including increasing class sizes in certain subjects—can save districts money while minimally impacting student achievement.
    Education Resource Strategies(ERS)estimates that up to $6 billion could be saved nationally by increasing class sizes by just one student. A report released in May by the Brookings Institution states that the same move would reduce the number of teachers necessary by approximately 7 percent.
    Class-size legislation has remained an important political issue in many states. At least 24 states have enacted class-size laws that limit enrollment. Karen Miles, executive director of ERS, says these laws can hurt students in the long term. Important programs like teacher development classes and extracurricular activities have been cut in order to employ enough teachers to keep class sizes low, she says.
    Others, including Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, have come around to her way of thinking. In a letter to governors weighing state budget cuts, he wrote that states should use federal money in a way that would have the "greatest positive impact on students. " Among his suggestions were "targeted adjustments in class size, and compensation models that reward the best, most effective work. "
    Research shows that drastic class size reduction can improve student performance. The most widely cited research, the Student Teacher Achievement Ratio study conducted in the late 1980s, showed that when class sizes were reduced from 22 students to 15 students, student a-chievement increased by about three months of additional schooling. Subsequent studies have shown that slight increases or decreases in class size enrollment have negligible effects on student achievement.
    The May Brookings report says, " It appears that very large class-size reductions, on the order of magnitude of 7-10 fewer students per class, can have significant long-term effects on student achievement. These effects seem to be largest when introduced in the earliest grades, and for students from less advantaged family backgrounds. "
    Miles stresses that schools and districts need a strategy when it comes to changing class enrollment. If class sizes are increased, the money saved should be spent training effective teachers. She says schools should experiment with hiring part-time experts to teach reading in small groups. If there are three third-grade classes in a school, for instance, those classes could be combined for part of the day in classes such as art.
    Enrollment reductions should be focused on underprivileged students and young students, she adds. Better teacher evaluation systems need to be developed and implemented so that ineffective teachers can be held accountable for student performance, and effective teachers can be rewarded.
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
选项 A、Students in reduced classes can increase three months of additional schooling.
B、Students will not be affected with little changes in class size.
C、The older the students are, the more urgent the limit enrollment is.
D、Students from the rich family should be put into bigger classes.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。第五段第三句提到班级人数的略微增加或减少对学生成绩的影响不大，故[B]符合文意。第五段前两句提到班级人数大幅减少可以提高学生成绩，当班级人数由22人降至15人时，学生的成绩相当于补课三个月的水平，可知并不是在小班级就可以有三个月的提高，[A]属于以偏概全；第六段第二句提到，低年级和家庭条件不好的学生在小班级学习时更容易提高成绩，[C]与文意相悖；虽然贫穷家庭的孩子是小班级着重注意的对象，但并不是说要把富裕家庭的孩子放在大的班级，[D]推理错误，故排除。
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