首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Early intelligence tests were not without their critics. Man enduring concerns were first raised by the influential journalist W
Early intelligence tests were not without their critics. Man enduring concerns were first raised by the influential journalist W
admin
2014-03-22
61
问题
Early intelligence tests were not without their critics. Man enduring concerns were first raised by the influential journalist Walter Lippman, in a series of published debates with Lewis Terman, of Stanford University, the father of IQ testing in America. Lippman pointed out the superficiality of the questions, their possible cultural biases, and the risks of trying to determine a person’s intellectual potential with a brief oral or paper-and-pencil measure.
Perhaps surprisingly, the conceptualization of intelligence did not advance much in the decades following Terman’s pioneering contributions. Intelligence tests came to be seen, rightly or wrongly, as primarily a tool for selecting people to fill academic or vocational niches. In one of the most famous remarks about intelligence testing, the influential Harvard psychologist E. G. Boring declared, "Intelligence is what the tests test." So long as these tests did what they were supposed to do(that is, give some indication of school success), it did not seem necessary or prudent to probe too deeply into their meaning or to explore alternative views of the human intellect.
Psychologists who study intelligence have argued chiefly about two questions. The first: Is intelligence singular, or does it consist of various more or less independent intellectual faculties? The purists — ranging from the turn-of-the-century English psychologist Charles Spearman to his latter-day disciples Richard J. Herrntein and Charles Murray — defend the notion of a single overarching "g". The pluralists — ranging from L. L. Thurstone, of the University of Chicargo, who posited seven vectors of the mind, to J. P. Guilford, of the University of Southern California, who discerned 150 factors of the intellect — construe intelligence as composed of some or even many dissociable components.
The public is more interested in the second question: Is intelligence(or are intelligences)largely inherited? This is by and large a Western question. In the Confucian societies of East Asia individual differences in endowment are assumed to be modest, and differences in achievement are thought to be due largely to effort. In the West, however, many students of the subject sympathize with the view that intelligence is inborn and one can do little to alter one’s intellectual birthright.
Studies of identical twins reared apart provide surprisingly strong support for the "heritability" of psychometric intelligence. That is, if one wants to predict someone’s score on an intelligence test, the scores of the biological parents(even if the child has not had appreciable contact with them)are more likely to prove relevant than the scores of the adoptive parents. By the same token, the IQs of identical twins are more similar than the IQs of fraternal twins. And, contrary to common sense, the IQs of biologically related people grow closer in the later years of life.
What does E. G. Boring’s remarks "intelligence is what the tests test" suggest?
选项
A、Intelligence tests have come to be seen rightly or wrongly.
B、Intelligence tests have become primarily a tool for selecting people.
C、Intelligence tests have become an irritating test.
D、Intelligence tests can hardly justify one’s real intellect.
答案
D
解析
根据题干中的intelligence is what the tests test将本题出处定位于第2段。综合文章第1、2段可知,这两段主要是与人们对intelligence tests的功能的质疑有关,博林的评论Intelligence is what the tests test(智力只不过是智力测试的结果罢了)出现在这一语境之中明显表明他怀疑智力测验能否显示出人的真实智商,故答案为D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1j17777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Twentyyearsagothisweek,theBritishinventorTimBerners-Leecreatedtheworld’sfirstwebpage.Itisworth【B1】______theex
A、Effectivelegislationsandlawsshouldbeimplemented.B、TheWHOshouldtalkpeopleintogivingupalcohol.C、Thewineonthe
A、Thehighereducationhaslostitssignificance.B、Moreandmoreyoungpeoplecanenterthecollege.C、Manyhighschoolstudent
Aschoolisbeingaskedtoapologizetothefamilyofaboyitprosecutedfortruancy.Theboywas【C1】______ashaving"schoolp
Australia,thelast【B1】______tobe“discovered”,wassightedbyDutch,Portuguese,andSpanishshipsintheseventeenthcentury
A、Scientistsgotnovaluableresultsfromtheearlierstudiesonthetopic.B、Childrenmusicallytrainedrememberthingsbetter
A、Theyhaveaprivatetutor.B、Theygotoaregularschool.C、Theyattendaspecialschool.D、Theyaretaughtbytheirparents.
A、Itbringsaboutthegenerationgap.B、Itisverycarefulaboutpeople’sprivacy.C、Itliststhetelephonenumbersofyourfrie
Knowledgemaybeacquiredthroughconversation,watchingtelevisionortravelling,butthedeepestandmostconsistentwayisth
随机试题
下列句中,“是”为形容词的一句是()
1996年10月11日晚,丁某酒后在某饮食店酗酒闹事,砸碎店里玻璃数块。后经人劝说,丁某承认错误并表示愿意赔偿。此时恰巧碰上某区公安局警察任某、赵某执勤到店里,任某对丁某又推又打,欲将丁某带回派出所处理。在扭推过程中,致丁某跌倒,头撞在水泥地上,造成颅内出
海边码头油轮装卸作业柴油泄漏入海环境风险事故分析中,油膜影响程度范围内可采用的分析模型是()。
建筑内部装修工程的防火施工与验收,应按装修材料种类划分为()装修工程。
根据《中华人民共和国证券法》的规定,股份有限公司发行的公司债券上市交易后,公司发生的下列情形中,国务院证券监督管理机构可以决定暂停公司债券上市交易的有( )。
以下对销售与收款业务流程中向客户开具发票的控制活动以及相关认定的对应关系的表述中,不恰当的是()。
一些学者认为,在信息时代强化互联网服务提供者的责任,实际上就是要求他们对互联网使用者发布的信息进行____________,这不利于我国宪法和法律所规定公民的言论自由和出版自由的实现。毫无疑问,这是典型的____________。如果散布谣言也属于“自由”
名医()采用“望闻问切”四诊法诊断疾病,后世尊其为“脉学之宗”。
对于犯罪集团的首要分子,不应按集团所犯的全部罪行处罚。()
Fivehundredcriticallyillpatientswereinvestigatedwiththemainpurposeof______.ChildreninAmericatodayaredeniedth
最新回复
(
0
)