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  3. For years there have been endless .articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that

For years there have been endless .articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that

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问题     For years there have been endless .articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be just a round the corner, but they haven’t yet found the right clock.
    Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can’t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a ma chine? The answer is that the machine doesn’t do anything clever in playing Chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force(残忍的)search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Humans don’t play chess that way. They see pat terns, which computers don’t.
    This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark(特征)of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.
We learn from the second paragraph that ______.
选项 A、the writer thinks that the specialists’ complains have some reasons
B、anything that the computer does can be regarded as thought
C、it is not Very difficult to define thought
D、computers play chess in exactly the same way as humans
答案A
解析 推理判断题。题干已明确指出是在第二段找信息，根据第三句话，“专家们抱怨他们的机器所做的都没有被承认是思考，这是有道理的(with justification)”，A“抱怨是有原因的”符合原文意思，所以是对的。回到原文第二段第三句“…anything their machines do is dismissed as not being thought”，即机器所做的都不被承认是思考B“电脑所做的可以看作是思考”与此相矛盾；该段第一句说定义思维“is harder than you might think(
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