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  3. Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the huma

Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the huma

admin2013-03-09  106
问题     Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the "Second Industrial Revolution".
    Labor’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the forms of the higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.
    To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies.  One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans.  It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers by paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the "improvement factor", which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.
Which of the following can best sum up the passage?
选项 A、Advantages and disadvantages of automation
B、Labor and the effects of automation.
C、Unemployment benefit plans and automation.
D、Social benefits of automation.
答案B
解析 这道题考察学生对文章中心内容的归纳总结的能力。这篇文章第一段主要叙述了自动化生产的作用，第二段是讲述自动化生产对劳工的影响，以及劳工对自动化的态度，第三段是讲如何才能够保护劳工得到他们应得的自动化生产所带来的好处。所以选项B才是正确答案，因为两个中心词labor 和 automation都出现了。
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