首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How Language Shapes the Way We Think Languages differ from one another. The differences influence the way we think. Lang
How Language Shapes the Way We Think Languages differ from one another. The differences influence the way we think. Lang
admin
2023-01-28
62
问题
How Language Shapes the Way We Think
Languages differ from one another. The differences influence the way we think.
Languages differ in how they separate the【T1】________spectrum
. example
— in English, there is one word for blue
— in Russian, there are two words: goluboy and siniy
. influence
— Russian speakers are faster to【T2】________blues
— when colors shift slowly from light to dark blue
Russian speakers consider it as【T3】________
English speakers ignore the shift【T4】________varies across languages
. example
—【T5】________is masculine in German but feminine in Spanish
. influence
— when asked to describe【T6】________
German speakers tend to say "beautiful" or "elegant"
Spanish speakers tend to use【T7】________words
Languages differ in how they describe events
. example
— English: "He broke the vase" English speakers mind "who did it"
— Spanish: "【T8】________"
Spanish speakers mind【T9】________
. influence
— implications for eyewitness testimony,【T10】________
— language guides our reasoning about events.
【T2】
How Language Shapes the Way We Think
Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, we will talk about how languages differ from one another, and more importantly, how these differences influence the way we think. Now of course, there isn’t just one language in the world, there are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And all the languages differ from one another. Some languages have different sounds, they have different vocabularies, and they also have different structures. That begs the question: Does the language we speak shape the way we think? Recently, we’ve started doing research, and now we have actual scientific data to weigh in on this question.
So, first, color. Languages differ in how they divide up the color spectrum—the visual world. Some languages have lots of words for colors; some have only a couple words, "light" and "dark." For example, in English, there’s a word for blue, but in Russian, there isn’t a single word. Instead, Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, "goluboy," and dark blue, "siniy." So Russians have this lifetime of experience of, in language, distinguishing these two colors.
When we test people’s ability to perceptually discriminate these colors, we find Russian speakers are faster across this linguistic boundary. They’re faster to be able to tell the difference between a light and dark blue. And when you look at people’s brains as they’re looking at colors—say you have colors shifting slowly from light to dark blue—the brains of people who use different words for light and dark blue will give a surprised reaction as the colors shift from light to dark, as if, "Oh, something has categorically changed." What about English speakers, for example? Well, they don’t make this categorical distinction, they don’t give that surprise, because nothing is categorically changing.
Now let’s move to our second part—gender. Lots of languages have grammatical gender, every noun gets assigned a gender, often masculine or feminine. And these genders differ across languages. So, for example, the sun is feminine in German but masculine in Spanish, and the moon, the reverse. Could this actually have any consequence for how people think? Actually, it turns out that’s the case. If you ask German and Spanish speakers to, say, describe a bridge—"bridge" happens to be grammatically feminine in German, grammatically masculine in Spanish—German speakers are more likely to say bridges are "beautiful," "elegant" and stereotypically feminine words. Whereas Spanish speakers will be more likely to say they’re "strong" or "long," these masculine words.
Our third part is about events. That is, languages differ in how they describe events. In English, it’s fine to say, "He broke the vase." But in a language like Spanish, you might be more likely to say, "The vase broke," or, "The vase broke itself."
So, people who speak different languages will pay attention to different things, depending on what their language usually requires them to do. So we show the same accident to English speakers and Spanish speakers, English speakers will remember who did it, because English requires you to say, "He did it; he broke the vase." Whereas Spanish speakers tend to remember that it was an accident. They’re more likely to remember the intention. So, two people watch the same event, witness the same crime, but end up remembering different things about that event. This has implications for eyewitness testimony. It also has implications for blame and punishment. So if you take English speakers and I just show someone breaking a vase, and I say, "He broke the vase," as opposed to "The vase broke," you will blame someone more. The language guides our reasoning about events.
To sum up today, we have talked about three ways that our minds are influenced by the languages we speak. Next time, I would talk about my working experience with people using different languages.
选项
答案
discriminate
解析
演讲者举例说明语言影响人对蓝色这一色系的认知时说到,当测试人们区分(discriminate) 这些颜色的能力时,发现俄罗斯最快辨别出浅蓝色和深蓝色(tell the difference between)。题目中的blues指不同的蓝色,故这里填入discriminate。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2BSD777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Aprettypotplantmightmakeanunemotionalworkspacefeelmorepersonal.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatofficeplantsdo
Peopleusedtothinkthatlearningtwolanguagescreatedconfusioninthemind.Far【C1】________itwasthought,togetoneright
TheUnitedStatesiswidelyrecognizedtohaveaprivateeconomybecauseprivatelyownedbusinessesplay【C1】________roles.TheA
Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,therefore,thechoiceofan【C1】________shouldbemad
________ispre-authorizedbyChangeManagementthathasanacceptedandestablishedproceduretoprovideaspecificchangereq
阅读以下说明,回答问题,将解答填入答题纸对应的解答栏内。【说明】案例一据新闻报道,某单位的网络维护员张某将网线私自连接到单位内部专网,通过专网远程登录到该单位的某银行储蓄所营业员电脑,破解默认密码后以营业员身份登录系统,盗取该银行83.5万元。该储蓄
某数据中心配备2台核心交换机CoreA和CoreB,并配置VRRP协议实现冗余。网络管理员例行巡查时,在核心交换机ComA上发现内容为“ThestateofVRRPchangedfrommastertootherstate”的报警日志,经
A:Oh,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou?B:I’msorrytosaythebillyousentmewasincorrect.A:Incorrect,madam?【D5】________B:
Accordingtosomepoliticalanalysts,thecandidate’soccasionallyramblingresponsestoquestionssuggestthatshehasbeenout
Inspiring,chicandeffortlesslyelegant—that’swhatdesignersatLondonFashionWeekhailedKateMiddleton’sstyle,ashersart
随机试题
12个人排成1列纵队,从前到后编为1~12号。现要将他们排成另一个与原来不同的纵队并从前到后重新编号,要求每个人的新号码与原始号码相差不超过1。那么有多少种重新编队的方法?
左心衰竭首先引起的病变是
项目后评价的目标评价一般有两个层次,分别为()。
下列各项中,关于周转材料会计处理表述不正确的是()。
既具有行政执法权,又具有部门规章制度权的国务院直属机构是()。
目前的大学生普遍缺乏对中国传统文化的学习和积累。国家教委有关部门及部分高等院校最近做的一次调查表明,大学生中喜欢和比较喜欢京剧艺术的只占到被调查人数的14%。下列陈述中的哪一个最能削弱上述观点?
给定程序MODI1.C中函数fun的功能是:将十进制正整数m转换成k(2≤k≤9)进制数,并按高位到低位顺序输出。例如,若输入8和2,则应输出1000(即十进制数8转换成二进制表示是1000)。请改正fun函数中的错误,使它能得出正确的结果。
要利用C++流实现输入输出的各种格式控制,必须在程序中包含的头文件是()。A)fstreamB)istrearaC)ostreamD)iomanip
IwenttoaCatholicboysschoolinBlackpoolintheNorthofEngland.InmyfirstyearintheseniorschoolIwasanerdykid,
Articlesinmagazinesandnewspapersandspecialreportsonradioandtelevision【B1】______theconcernofmanyAmericansaboutth
最新回复
(
0
)