首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
admin
2013-02-16
96
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations. Nothing that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both self-generated and that, like real hearing, a hallucination is experienced as the product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET(positron emission tomography)to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged" as authentic and originating in the outside world.
Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During the session, the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with their brain activity being monitored under four conditions: at rest;while hearing an audiotape of a voice, while imagining hearing the voice again;and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being informed that the tape was playing once more, although it was not. The tests suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response. McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people, highly hypnotizable subjects benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to these successes, Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis, attempting to locate the brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain, as distinct from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—an area known to be involved in pain—but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex, where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings, the mechanisms underlying hypnotic pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain—such as increased heart rate — are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia.
Which of the following best describes the organization of the argument that the author of the passage presents in the last two paragraphs?
选项
A、Two approaches to testing a hypothesis is described, and the greater merits of each approach are compared.
B、The assumptions underlying a hypothesis all outlined, and evidence for and against the hypothesis is discussed.
C、A phenomenon is described, and hypothesis concerning its occurrence are considered and rejected.
D、A hypothesis is discussed, evidence supporting the hypothesis is revealed and qualified, and a working model derived from the hypothesis is suggested.
答案
C
解析
文章组织结构题目。参见37题的分析,不难确定文章的组织结构如选项C所述,即是描述现象,给出现象发生的假设,然后再对假设进行研究,最后发现假设是不正确的。故正确的答案为C选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2EmO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Ithasbeenchallengingformosttwentieth-centuryAmericanpolicy-makerstorecapturethememoryoftheearlyUnitedStates,Con
Itisunwiseforthegovernmentto______thegrowingdissatisfactionwithitseconomicpolicies.
Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicfights:therighttopr
Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicfights:therighttopr
Inthepast,Americancollegesanduniversitieswerecreatedtoserveadualpurposetoadvancelearningandtoofferachancet
Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCo
Formostofus,theworkisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparing
Thediscoveryoftheobesitygeneinhumanshalfadecadeagoofferedevidencethatchronicweightgainistheconsequenceofa
Itisnotoftenrealizedthatwomen【1】ahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asa【2】,thew
我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看:多看看他人,多阅他乡,不但可以认识世界,亦可认识自己。有人旅行时乘豪华游轮,谢灵运在世大概也会如此。有人背负行囊,翻山越岭;有人骑自行车环游天下。这些都令我羡慕。我所优为的,却是驾车长征,去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更爱旅行,所
随机试题
在下列各种情况中,不可能发生交叉性栓塞的是:
患儿,女,3岁。消瘦,“X”型腿,肋骨呈串珠状,“鸡胸”,方颅,X线提示:骨质疏松,掌、腕骨愈合缓慢。初步诊断
关于碘的性质描述哪种是不准确的
外科患者经管饲摄入肠内营养制剂的最高浓度不超过
下列除哪项外,均为升浮类药物的作用
下列对合理使用土地补偿费,安置补助费表述正确的是()。
甲向乙购买价值50万元的钢材,合同约定甲应于12月12日付款。此前因另一合同关系,乙欠甲30万元,此欠款已于12月1日到期,而乙一直未付。12月25日,甲收到乙的通知,得知乙已将50万元钢材款债权转让于丙。12月28日,丙向甲索要50万元钢材款。则下列选项
根据《企业职工伤亡事故分类GB6441-1986,下列事故中,属于与建筑业有关的职业伤害事故的有()。
公安行政强制措施中对人身自由的强制措施主要有()。
【2012江苏CNO.15】美无处不在,然而它却总需要人去发现,不然,它就将永远__________于黑暗之中或在我们的感觉之外而默无声响地白白地流逝着;文学家的天职,就是磨砺心灵、擦亮双目去将它__________发现,然后用反复__________的文
最新回复
(
0
)