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  3. Now medical researchers are discovering a truism: "alcohol and tobacco do not mix." These two substances, both dangerous to heal

Now medical researchers are discovering a truism: "alcohol and tobacco do not mix." These two substances, both dangerous to heal

admin2014-02-27  54
问题     Now medical researchers are discovering a truism: "alcohol and tobacco do not mix." These two substances, both dangerous to health, act synergistically, each making the other more powerful and thereby causing worse damage than either would do alone.
    Because of this interaction, the person who both smokes and drinks heavily may be at a greater risk of becoming ill than one who drinks like a fish, but never smokes or who smokes like a chimney, but never drinks. To get an idea of how this synergism may work, consider what happens when a smoker lights up a cigarette. With each puff he inhales at least 4,000 different chemicals. These include toxic hydrogen-cyanide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen-dioxide gases, and four dozen compounds such as benzo pyrene and radioactive polonium 210. All are known as carcinogens. Most chemical vapors in tobacco smoke get deposited in the mouth, nose, throat and lungs in a coating called tar. It is in this tar that most of the cancer — inducing potential of tobacco smoke lies. Then in a scenario typical of chronic heavy drinkers — most of whom also smoke — our smoker feels thirsty and washes down that smoke coating in his mouth and throat with whisky. The alcohol in his drink is not in itself a carcinogen, but it may act as a solvent, dissolving the tar-taped tobacco poisons, and easing the transport of carcinogens across membranes.
    Our smoker continues to drink. Soon he lights another cigarette and inhales deeply. Behind his embattled lungs, meanwhile, his liver has gone on full alert to save his life. The three-pound chemical factory, which cleans most toxins from the bloodstream, reacts to alcohol as a foreign substance and metabolizes 95 percent of it into other chemicals. But in turning its energy to clearing just one-half ounce of pure alcohol — the amount in a standard drink — per hour from our drinking smoker’s blood, the liver’s other metabolic functions suffer a sharp decrease. Poisons from tobacco smoke that otherwise would be removed from his blood within minutes are now allowed to flood his body for hours or days, depending on how much alcohol the liver must dispose of.
    The person who smokes one or two packs of cigarettes a day loses on average six to eight percent of his blood’s oxygen carrying capacity. If our heavy smoker’s use of alcohol has led to alcoholism, he is probably malnourished. This malnourishment compounds problems he is having with insufficient oxygen. His brain cells are dying from it.
    The synergistic effect of alcohol and tobacco may deliver a powerful blow to the cardiovascular system as well as the upper respiratory tract. For those prone to hypertension who drink more than two ounces of alcohol a day, high blood pressure is common and with it the increased risk of stroke and heart attack. For hypertensives who combine smoking and drinking, the risks are even greater.
The phrase "synergistic effect" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
选项 A、mixing effect
B、mixed function
C、combined result
D、cooperated effect
答案D
解析 这是一道词义题。文章第二段指出：由于这种相互作用，那些既不停地抽烟又豪饮酒的人患病的风险可能比那些豪饮但从不吸烟或者不停地抽烟但从不喝酒的人更大；最后一段指出：酒精和烟草的协同效应可能给心血管系统和上呼吸道造成很大的伤害。这说明，该短语应该与interaction的意思相近。D“协同作用”，与文章的意思符合。A，B和C都与文章的意思不符合。
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