首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject
admin
2015-09-30
101
问题
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】
For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject of probability theory was an English clergyman called Thomas Bayes, who was born in 1702 and died in 1761.
His ideas about the prediction of future events from one or two examples were popular for a while, and have never been fundamentally challenged.【F2】
But they were eventually overwhelmed by those of the "frequentist" school, which developed the methods based on sampling from a large population that now dominate the field and are used to predict things as diverse as the outcomes of elections and preferences for chocolate bars.
Recently, however, Bayes’s ideas have made a comeback among computer scientists trying to design software with human like intelligence. Bayesian reasoning now lies at the heart of leading internet search engines and automated "help wizards". That has prompted some psychologists to ask if the human brain itself might be a Bayesian-reasoning machine.【F3】
They suggest that the Bayesian capacity to draw strong inferences from sparse data could be crucial to the way the mind perceives the world, plans actions, comprehends and learns language, reasons from correlation to causation, and even understands the goals and beliefs of other minds.
【F4】
These researchers have conducted laboratory experiments that convince them they are on the right track, but only recently have they begun to look at whether the brain copes with everyday judgments in the real world in a Bayesian manner.
In research to be published later this year in Psychological Science , Thomas Griffiths of Brown University in Rhode Island and Joshua Tenenbaum of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology put the idea of a Bayesian brain to a quotidian test. They found that it passes with flying colours.
The key to successful Bayesian reasoning is not in having an extensive, unbiased sample, which is the eternal worry of frequentists, but rather in having an appropriate "prior", as it is known to the cognoscenti.【F5】
This prior is an assumption about the way the world works—in essence, a hypothesis about reality—that can be expressed as a mathematical probability distribution of the frequency with which events of a particular magnitude happen.
【F5】
选项
答案
这个前提是对世界运行方式所做的假没,实质上是对真实事物的假设。这个假设是用大数量事件发生频率的数学概率分布表达出来的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2HzZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Themeaningsof"science"and"technology"havechangedsignificantlyfromonegenerationtoanother.Moresimilaritiesthandif
Themeaningsof"science"and"technology"havechangedsignificantlyfromonegenerationtoanother.Moresimilaritiesthandif
Somesaythatoneofthemaindifferencesbetweenscienceandphilosophyisthatsciencemakesprogresswhilephilosophersgoro
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
Airis(1)_____,andlikeallmatter,ithasweight.Weightisthemeasureofthe(2)_____ofgravity(3)_____matter.Ifascal
(46)Attheendofthenineteenthcentury,arisinginterestinNativeAmericancustomsandanincreasingdesiretounderstandNa
(46)Attheendofthenineteenthcentury,arisinginterestinNativeAmericancustomsandanincreasingdesiretounderstandNa
Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoil
随机试题
试述一项政策问题进入政策议程的条件和障碍。
A.麻醉药品购用印鉴卡B.麻醉药品专用章C.麻醉药品出口准许证D.麻醉药品专用卡E.运输凭照
监理员与监理工程师的区别主要在于监理工程师具有相应岗位责任的( )。
教育过程的基本矛盾是______。
有89吨货物要从甲地运往乙地。大卡车的载重量是7吨,小卡车的载重量是4吨,大卡车与小卡车每次耗油量分别是14升、9升,如果使所派车辆运完货物耗油量最小,则最小耗油量是()。
患者,女性,15岁。进行性开口困难8年,8岁时曾发生颏部对冲性损伤,查体见面部明显不对称。该病最可能的诊断是()。
(2011年单选28)下列关于我国县级人民政府的表述,正确的是()。
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions1-5,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoac
Artincludescreativewriting,painting,theatre,music,danceandmanycrafts,suchaspottery.Bythisdefinitionofart,peop
【B1】【B18】
最新回复
(
0
)