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  3. Education in most of the developing world is shocking. Half of children in South Asia and a third of those in Africa who complet

Education in most of the developing world is shocking. Half of children in South Asia and a third of those in Africa who complet

admin2016-03-08  28
问题     Education in most of the developing world is shocking. Half of children in South Asia and a third of those in Africa who complete four years of schooling cannot read properly. Most governments have promised to provide universal primary education and to promote secondary education. But even when public schools exist, they often fail.
    The failure of state education, combined with the shift in emerging economies from farming to jobs that need at least a modicum(少量)of education, has caused a private-school boom. According to the World Bank, across the developing world a fifth of primary-school pupils are enrolled in private schools, twice as many as 20 years ago. So many private schools are unregistered that the real figure is likely to be much higher.
    By and large, politicians and educationalists are unenthusiastic. Governments see education as the state’s job. NGOs tend to be ideologically opposed to the private sector. The U. N. special rapporteur(报告人)on education, Kishore Singh, has said that "for-profit education should not be allowed in order to safeguard the noble cause of education".
    This attitude harms those whom educationalists claim to serve: children. The boom in private education is excellent news for them and their countries, for three reasons.
    First, it is bringing in money—not just from parents, but also from investors, some in search of a profit. Most private schools in the developing world are single operators that charge a few dollars a month, but chains are now emerging.
    Second, private schools are often better value for money than state ones. Measuring this is hard, since the children who go to private schools tend to be better off, and therefore likely to perform better. But a rigorous four-year study of 6,000 pupils in Andhra Pradesh, in southern India, suggested that private pupils performed better in English and Hindi than public-school pupils, and the private schools achieved these results at a third of the cost of the public schools.
    Lastly, private schools are innovative. Since technology has great(though as yet mostly unrealized)potential in education, this could be important. Bridge gives teachers tablets linked to a central system that provides teaching materials and monitors their work. Such robo-teaching may not be ideal, but it is better than lessons without either materials or monitoring.
    The private sector has problems. But the alternative is often a public school that is worse—or no school at all. The growth of private schools is a manifestation of the healthiest of instincts: parents’ desire to do the best for their children. Governments should therefore be asking not how to discourage private education, but how to boost it. Ideally, they would subsidize(以津贴补助)private schools, preferably through a voucher(凭证)which parents could spend at the school of their choice and top up: they would regulate schools to ensure quality: they would run public exams to help parents make informed choices.
According to the author, the state governments in developing countries fail to______.
选项 A、provide proper education for all the school age children
B、fulfill their promises by establishing enough public schools
C、improve education quality of the existing public schools
D、speed up the social shift from farming to manufacturing
答案A
解析 事实细节题。定位句指出，多数政府都承诺会普及小学教育，并提升和推动中学教育。但是即便在有公立学校存在的时候，承诺也时常落空。从两句的承接关系来看，fail的内容就是定位句第一句中政府所承诺做到的事，归纳来看，就是政府未能为学龄儿童提供适当的教育，故答案为A)。B)“兑现承诺建立足够多的公立学校”，从上述定位句可知，作者讨论的不是公立学校的数量，而是教育本身是否能满足需求，故可排除；C)“提高现有公立学校的教育质量”，从定位句可知，作者关注的是整体的教育质量，而不仅限于公立学校，故可排除；D)“加速社会从农耕业向制造业转型”，社会转型是第二段中作者提到的对教育提出新要求的因素，而不是他所讨论的政府未能做到的事情，D)不符合文意，故可排除。
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