首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people might believe that
To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people might believe that
admin
2015-09-25
74
问题
To conduct some forms of sleep research, we have to find a way to track sleepiness over the day. Some people might believe that measuring sleepiness is a fairly trivial task. Couldn’t you, for instance, simply count the number of times a person yawns during any given hour or so?
In most people’s minds, yawning—that slow, exaggerated mouth opening with the long, deep inhalation of air, followed by a briefer exhalation—is the most obvious sign of sleepiness. It is a common behavior shared by many animals, including our pet dogs and cats but also crocodiles, snakes, birds, and even some fishes. It is certainly true that sleepy people tend to yawn more than wide-awake people. It is also true that people who say they are bored by what is happening at the moment will tend to yawn more frequently. However, whether yawning is a sign that you are getting ready for sleep or that you are successfully fighting off sleep is not known. Simply stretching your body, as you might do if you have been siring in the same position for a long period of time, will often trigger a yawn.
Unfortunately, yawns don’t just indicate sleepiness. In some animals, yawning is a sign of stress. When a dog trainer sees a dog yawning in a dog obedience class, it is usually a sign that the animal is under a good deal of pressure. Perhaps the handler is pushing too hard or moving too fast for the dog to feel in control of the situation. A moment or two of play and then turning to another activity is usually enough to banish yawning for quite a while.
Yawning can also be a sign of stress in humans. Once, when observing airborne troops about to take their first parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldiers were sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A. M. , just after a coffee break, and I doubted that they were tired; I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I asked about this, the officer in charge laughed and said it was really quite a common behavior, especially on the first jump.
There is also a social aspect to yawning. Psychologists have placed actors in crowded rooms and auditoriums and had them deliberately yawn. Within moments, there is usually an increase in yawning by everyone else in the room. Similarly, people who watch films or videos of others yawning are more likely to yawn. Even just reading about yawning tends to stimulate people to yawn.
The truth of the matter is that we really don’t know what purpose yawning serves. Scientists originally thought that the purpose of yawning was to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood or to release some accumulated carbon dioxide. We now know that this is not true, since increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air seems not to make people more likely to yawn but to make them breathe faster to try to bring in more oxygen. On the other hand, breathing 100 percent pure oxygen does not seem to reduce the likelihood of yawning.
Since yawning seems to be associated with a lot more than the need for sleep, we obviously have to find some odier measure of sleepiness. Some researchers have simply tried to ask people how sleepy they feel at any time using some sort of self-rating scale. There are, however, problems with getting people to make these types of judgments. Sometimes people simply lie to the researchers when asked about how sleepy they are. This occurs because in many areas of society admitting that one is fatigued and sleepy is considered a mark of weakness or lack of ambition and drive. In odier instances, people may admit they need four cups of coffee to make it through the morning, but it may never occur to them that this might be due to the fact that they are so sleepy that they need stimulation from caffeine to be able to do their required tasks. For these reasons, many researchers have developed an alternate method to determine how sleepy a person is. It is based upon a simple definition of sleep need: The greater your sleep need, or the sleepier you are, the faster you will fall asleep if given the opportunity to do so.
The author mentions the "coffee break" to emphasize that a______.
选项
A、brief respite was sorely needed
B、given attitude was inappropriate
C、specific response was understandable
D、certain behavior was unexpected
答案
D
解析
信息推断题。作者提出coffee break是与跳伞士兵打哈欠进行对照,意思是说刚过了coffeebreak,不应该感到困乏。按照有些人的逻辑:打哈欠是困乏的表现,这与事实相悖,即士兵不应该在这个时候因为困乏而打哈欠。由此可知,打哈欠这个行为是不可预料的。故答案为D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2OLO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,fi
A、FurthermoreB、ConverselyC、AccordinglyD、NeverthelessDFurthermore表示“递进关系”;Conversely表示“完全相反的情形”;Accordingly表示“因果关系”,Neverthel
Accordingtoonesurveyof12,000people,about30percentofthosemakingNewYear’sresolutionssaytheydon’tevenkeepthem
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,
Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosea
Plantadaptationcanberemarkablycomplex.Certainspeciesoforchids,forinstance,imitatefemalebees,otherplantslookand
ThegeologyoftheEarth’ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgase
Duringthelastthirtyyears,theinternationaleconomyhasexperiencedabasicchange.ImprovementsintheInternetandotherc
(北京大学2006年试题)LastyearFrenchdriverskilled【1】than5,000peopleontheroadsforthefirsttimeindecades.Creditgoesla
Alicecamebackfromhertrip,______thehousecompletelydeserted.
随机试题
—I’mthinkingofworkingsomewhereelse.Infact,I’llhaveaninterviewnextMonday.—________.
下列关于原子吸收法操作描述正确的是()。
用科学发展观的全面协调可持续发展的原理谈谈人与人、人与自然、人与社会的关系。
A.ACTH升高B.ACTH降低C.肾素降低、醛固酮升高D.肾素及醛固酮均降低E.儿茶酚胺增高Liddle综合征时常出现哪一项异常
男性,70岁。腹痛2天,排鲜血便1天。腹痛为持续性钝痛,伴有腹泻7~8次,每次50~100ml鲜血便,无里急后重,无发热,无皮疹,近期无体重下降,平素排便正常。查体;腹软,左下腹部有压痛,无反跳痛及肌紧张,未触及包块。该患者最可能的诊断为
冲盒时遗失人工牙,最可能发生的问题
下列各句中,有语病的一项是()。
根据下面的统计图回答题。2005~2009年间,我国固定电话用户与移动电话用户数量最接近的年份是()。
文件IN.DAT中存有一篇英文文章,函数ReadData()负责将IN.DAT中的数据读到数组inBuf[][]中。请编制函数replaceChar(),该函数的功能是按照指定规则对字符进行替换。变换后的值仍存入inBuf[][]中。函数WriteData
ScienceWithoutBordersScienceandtechnologyisamongthefactorsthathavetakenthehumancivilizationtotheleveliten
最新回复
(
0
)