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  3. Via eye and ear, words beyond numbering zip into the mind and flash a dizzy variety of meaning into the mysterious circuits of k

Via eye and ear, words beyond numbering zip into the mind and flash a dizzy variety of meaning into the mysterious circuits of k

admin2015-02-09  6
问题     Via eye and ear, words beyond numbering zip into the mind and flash a dizzy variety of meaning into the mysterious circuits of knowing.【F1】A great many of them bring along not only their meanings but some extra freight—a load of judgment or bias that plays upon the emotions instead of lighting up the understanding. These words deserve careful handling—and minding. They are loaded.
    The trouble with loaded words is that they tend to short-circuit thought. While they may describe something, they simultaneously try to seduce the mind into accepting a prefabricated opinion about the something described. Every word hauls some basic cargo or else can be shrugged aside as vacant sound.【F2】Indeed, almost any word can, in some use, take on that extra baggage of bias or sentiment that makes for the truly manipulative word.
    Actually, it does not take much special skill to add emotional baggage to a word and almost any noun can be infused with skepticism and doubt through the use of the word "socalled". Many other words can be handily tilted by shortening, by prefixes and suffixes, by the reduction of formal to familiar forms. The use of emotional vocabularies is not invariably a dubious practice. In the first place, words do not always get loaded by evil design or even deliberately. In the second, that sort of language is not exploited only for mischievous ends.【F3】The American principles feature words—liberty, equality— that, on top of their formal definitions, are verily packed with the sentiments that solidify U.S. society.
    The affectionate banalities of friendship and neighborliness facilitate the human ties that bind and support The moving vocabularies of patriotism and friendship are also subject to misuse, of course, but such derelictions are usually easy to recognize as hypocrisy.【F4】The abuse and careless use of language have been going on for a long time, yet the risks of biased words to the easily-fooled must be greater today, in an epoch of propagandizing amplified by mass communications.
    In the two decades, the practice of fraud has, if anything, increased.【F5】The appropriate response is not a hopeless effort to cleanse the world of seductive words; simple awareness of how frequently and variously they are loaded reduces the chances that one will fall out of touch with so-called reality.
【F1】
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答案其中很多话语不仅承载了话语本身的意义，还带来了一些额外负荷——各种看法和偏见，其目的不是加强彼此理解，而是玩弄人们的情感。
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