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  3. The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and h

The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and h

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问题     The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetic. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery—cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
    In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
    The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in this century. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example, to certain types of birth defects in newborn babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operations for the octogenarian (80岁至89岁之间的人).
    Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
Today, compared with 1910, ______.
选项 A、five times fewer patients die after being operated on
B、20% fewer of all operation patients die
C、20% of all operation patients recover
D、operation deaths have increased by 20%
答案A
解析 文中第三段第二句中说：“与1910年相比，在今天的大多数手术中死亡的病人仅是那时的20％。”由此我们可以推算出，与1910年相比，现在的外科手术病人死亡率要比那时低5倍。故A正确。
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