2. 考研
  3. Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells—by far the most【C1】______sort—convert

Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells—by far the most【C1】______sort—convert

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问题     Sunlight is free, but that is no reason to waste it. Yet even the best silicon solar cells—by far the most【C1】______sort—convert only a quarter of the light that falls on them. Silicon has the【C2】______of being cheap: manufacturing improvements have brought its price to a point where it is snapping at the heels of fossil fuels.【C3】______many scientists would like to replace it【C4】______something fundamentally better.
    John Rogers, of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, is one. The cells he has【C5】______can convert 42.5% of sunlight.【C6】______improved, Dr Rogers reckons, their efficiency could rise to 50%. Their【C7】______is that they are actually not one cell, but four, stacked one on top of another.
    Solar cells are made of semiconductors, and every type of semiconductor has a【C8】______called a band gap that is different from that of other semiconductors. The band gap【C9】______the longest wavelength of light a semiconductor can absorb (it is transparent to longer wavelengths). It also fixes the【C10】______amount of energy that can be【C11】______from shorter wavelength. The result is that long-wavelength photons are lost and short-wave ones incompletely utilised.
    Dr Rogers【C12】______this by using a different material for each layer of the stack. He chooses his materials【C13】______the bottom of the band gap of the top layer matches the top of the band gap of the one underneath, and so on【C14】______the stack. Each layer thus【C15】______off part of the spectrum, converts it efficiently into electrical energy and passes the rest on.
    The problem is that the materials needed to make these semiconductors are【C16】______But Dr Rogers has found a way to overcome this.【C17】______solar-cell modules are completely covered by semiconductor, but in his only 0.1% of the surface is so covered. The semiconducting stacks, each half a millimeter square, are【C18】______over that surface many dots. Each stack then has a pair of cheap glass lenses【C19】______over it. These focus the sun’s light onto the stack, meaning that all【C20】______light meets a semiconductor.
【C5】
选项 A、deduced
B、devised
C、detected
D、designated
答案B
解析 上文提到传统硅太阳电池能的缺点(只能转换照射在其上面的四分之一的阳光)，并提到科学家想用更好的产品来代替，因此研发出新的太阳电池，故选B项devised“设计”。
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