首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
admin
2013-06-17
79
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because______.
选项
A、the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
B、the sight of the lights was interesting
C、they need not turn back to watch the lights
D、they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
答案
D
解析
事实细节题。文章的最后一段开头说到“they would not tam back to watch the lights closely although they would ’smile and bubble’ when the display come on”,也就是说,只要灯打开了,他们就不会再转头去看,因为他们的目的已经达到了。故D) 的说法正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2gM7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina【C1】______afamily-planni
With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina【C1】______afamily-planni
With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulouscountries.ButsinceChina【C1】______afamily-planni
PresidentBushhasproposedtoincreasethestudyofforeignlanguagesinAmericanschools.ThenewplaniscalledtheNatio
A、Becausehedidn’twanttogotothewoman’sparty.B、BecausehewasdeeplyattractedbyaprogramaboutOprahWinfrey.C、Becau
A、Peoplebecamecourageous.B、Socratestaughtyoungmenevilthings.C、Socrates’ideasdidharmtotheirruling.D、Peopleweree
A、Newdesignsarebeingadopted.B、Advertisementsarebeingwidelyused.C、Newtechnologyisbeingemployed.D、Moresyntheticma
Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraints(约束)influence
随机试题
国际货物集装箱运输中使用的托运单,是集装箱运输最为重要的单据之一,每一联托运单都有专门的用途,其中标有“装货单”字样的第四联被用作是()
基金资产估值的最终目的是()。
某银行2012年初对国内整个房地产行业贷款8000万元,后由于我国房市震荡,造成银行无法按期收回贷款,该风险属于()
如果市场投资组合的实际收益率比预期收益率大3%,β=2,则证券i的实际收益率比预期收益率大()。
安全管理计划的制定,需要根据本单位的实际把带有周期性的、可预见的安全工作分类汇总,按照安全工作要求,分解到每个月,形成全年安全工作计划。安全管理计划可以采用文字形式或文字与图表相结合的形式。项目安全管理计划的实施就是进行项目安全管理的过程,是在项目实施过程
在信息技术整合的课堂中,学生每人拥有一台电脑并与教师的电脑相连形成局域网,同时配有网络教学监控系统。这属于()的课堂组织形式
随着社会的发展,人们经济生活水平的不断提高,老年人充实的物质生活已远不能替补内心的空寂,为了能让子女们上班放心,老年人在家安心,使他们的老年生活不再孤独和无助,我们动足了脑筋。以前,在乡下,邻里间开门就见面,关系好的就像自家人,互相都有个照应。可现在搬到这
“十一”期间,某市公交系统在许多线路上增加了临时站点,防止客流量在某地过度集中,以缓解重大节假日期间由人流聚集造成的交通堵塞状况。但实际看来,问题并没有得到解决。以下论断如果为真,无助于解释上述现象的是()
下列文学常识的叙述错误的是()。
Ifasubstanceisdissolvedinwaterorheated,itmay______agas.
最新回复
(
0
)