首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Drug Use and Addiction Drug Use and Abuse Although drug abuse can have harmful results, people can use it for more than one
Drug Use and Addiction Drug Use and Abuse Although drug abuse can have harmful results, people can use it for more than one
admin
2010-04-30
32
问题
Drug Use and Addiction
Drug Use and Abuse
Although drug abuse can have harmful results, people can use it for more than one of the reasons, and may also use several drugs for different reasons. Distinguishing the "how?" and "why?" of a person’s drug use is rarely an easy task, but most people use a drug because they enjoy the effects. This may seem like a simplistic or insensitive statement, but it’s a fact that’s easily forgotten by the people around the drug user, who are concerned and trying to understand why they’re using drugs.
Worried parents often ask for warning sings of drug use, but the simple answer is that it’s very hard to spot. Many users who have contact with mental health services manage to conceal their use from the professionals, so it’s obviously difficult to identify.
Parents usually know their children better than anyone else, and maintaining an open atmosphere in which communication is kept up is often the best way to find out what’s going on. This is not always easy with teenagers, as they might view the methods parents use to find out if their children are using drugs as intrusive and controlling. And angry confrontations with teenagers might push them further into a cycle of annoyance and refusal to communicate.
The use of chemicals to alter the way we feel and see things in one of the oldest activities of the human race. But a person’s use of a drug such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis or heroin can become uncontrolled, or start to control them. Even when the use of these drugs leads to serious physical and mental problems, the person may still not want to stop using them. But, if they do decide to give up, they may find it% harder than they thought.
What Are the Symptoms?
There are a lot of confusing different words used to describe drug use and addiction problems. Not every expert will agree with the definitions here, but being consistent with the terms used helps to reduce the confusion and anxiety everyone feels when faced with this problem.
Each drug has different patterns of:
• use;
• poison;
• overdose;
• hangover(残留).
For each different drug, the "substance abuse" can cover different levels of use, including:
• experimenting with use;
• using large amounts without appearing poisoned;
• using large amounts to get poisoned.
Psychological Addiction
The media’s picture of a person giving up drugs usually focuses on the immediate effects of withdrawing from heroin. It’s important to remember that there’s often more to an addiction than the physical withdrawal symptoms. In fact, for some drugs such as cannabis or heroin, there’s a debate about whether there are actually any physical symptoms of withdrawal.
People who use heroin regularly over a long period may find that there are certain situations where they come to rely on the drug. If they stop using the drug, they may feel very disabled. This is a situation that can develop for almost any substance that effects the mind, and this aspect of addiction can be harder to overcome than the physical symptoms.
Mental symptoms can include:
• anxiety;
• depression;
• sleep and rest;
• controlling mood;
• relearning different coping skills.
The pattern of these symptoms will depend on the drug used, the psychological make-up of the person and the circumstances under which they are attempting to remain drug-free.
The term craving is often used when talking about psychological addiction.
If a person is experiencing any of the symptoms listed above and they know that by using the drug all these problem will go away, it’s not surprising that they develop an overwhelming desire to use, and this dominates their thoughts.
Physical Addiction
It’s ironic that through films, such as Trainspotting, quite a lot of people feel that they understand the physical withdrawal from heroin. They rightly see it as an unpleasant and difficult experience — and a good reason not to experiment with it.
The irony is that alcohol has a much worse and more dangerous withdrawal effect. It’s possible, but very rare for someone experiencing heroin withdrawal to need to be admitted to hospital; while someone who is physically addicted to alcohol should not attempt to stop using it without consulting a doctor. Again, as with psychological addiction, the length and severity of withdrawal differs according to the drug, how much has been taken and for haw long.
For most addicts, their problem is a mixture of both physical and psychological aspects. There are some instances when it’s difficult to distinguish between the two. The stimulants cocaine and amphetamine (安非他明) are classic examples of this — people coming down after using the drugs feel very low and lack energy. When they take cocaine, they feel very high and use up lots of energy. Their feelings afterwards could be partly because of feeling tired and adjusting to a normal mood again, but there are other theories that suggest these feelings are because the body is re-establishing its chemical balance.
What Can I Do to Help Myself?
The old saying — admitting you have a problem is half of solving the problem — is very applicable. The next step is to get support. If you’re physically addicted, it may be dangerous to just stop — especially if you’re using alcohol. Even if it isn’t dangerous to just stop, a doctor may be able to prescribe medication to help you through the first phase of withdrawal.
Not all family doctors are happy to help with this problem, so if yours isn’t, it’s probably best to approach your local drug dependence unit (DDU).It’s also vital to get other forms of support and counseling -- see the resources listed below.
Available Help Resources
Families Anonymous
Support for the relatives and friends of people with drug problems.
Tel: 020 7498 4680(Monday to Friday, 1pm to 4.30pm)
Website: www. famanon. org. uk
Alcoholics Anonymous
A self-help group run by recovering alcoholics.
PO Box 1, Stonebow House, Stonebow York YO1 7NJ
Te: 01904 644026
Helpline: 0845 7697 555
Website: www. alcoholics-anonymous, org. uk
The National Drugs Help line
Free help and advice 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Tel: 0800 776600
Other helpful advice and addresses can be found in the BBC’s online Addictions guide.
When we mention psychological addiction, we always use the term of ______ to describe a drub user’ thought.
选项
答案
craving
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2gOK777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Tobereallyhappyandrealsafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnouse(36)_
Althoughitisusuallyunclearwhostartsthegossip,peopletendtobelieveit.Ifagossipbringsgoodtothegossiping,the
Althoughitisusuallyunclearwhostartsthegossip,peopletendtobelieveit.ThestoryofMirabelleillustratesacommonus
Althoughitisusuallyunclearwhostartsthegossip,peopletendtobelieveit.Gossipsarealwayswithanevilintention,and
Sports,inshort,areakindofeducation,whichcanteachimportantlifeskillsthatcan’tbelearnedinschool.Intheeyeso
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofInvitation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtothe
Thetraditionaltwo-parentsfamilyisfastgivingwayintheAmericaofthe1980stohouseholdsinwhichoneadultmustjugglet
___________________(除非你和保险公司签订货物保险合同),youarenotentitledtoarepaymentforthegoodsdamagedindelivery.
A、Buildingrelationshipwithouterspace.B、Makingprofits.C、Creatingastepping-stonetoscientificresearch.D、Fosteringinte
A、Thosewhoknowhowtoprogramcomputers.B、Thosewhogetspecialaidfromtheirteachers.C、Thosewhoareveryhardworking.D、
随机试题
肾癌的临床表现有哪些
在城市房屋拆迁范围内,不得进行房屋()活动。[2009年考题]
根据《全国生态脆弱区保护规划纲要》提出的阶段目标,到2015年,生态脆弱区战略环境影响评价执行率达到(),新增治理面积达到()以上。
原始凭证又称单据,是在经济业务发生或完成时取得或填制的,用以记录或证明经济业务的发生或完成情况的文字凭据。原始凭证按照填制手续及内容不同分类,可分为一次凭证、累计凭证和________。按照来源不同分为外来原始凭证和________。
中国人民银行总行负责制定统一的支付结算制度,组织、协调、管理、监督全国的支付结算工作。()
根据公司法律制度的规定,有()情形的,对股东会该项决议投反对票的股东,可以请求公司按照合理的价格收购其股权。(2011年)
流动比率大于100%时,赊购原材料若干,将会()。
平行结转分步法的优点是()。
明末清初推行“湖广填四川”政策。“湖广”是指今天的()。
我国近代教育史上,被毛泽东称颂为“学界泰斗,人世楷模”的教育家是()
最新回复
(
0
)