2. 外语
  3. Which of the following most logically completes the passage? Leaf beetles damage willow trees by stripping away their leaves, bu

Which of the following most logically completes the passage? Leaf beetles damage willow trees by stripping away their leaves, bu

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问题 Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Leaf beetles damage willow trees by stripping away their leaves, but a combination of parasites and predators generally keeps populations of these beetles in check. Researchers have found that severe air pollution results in reduced predator populations. The parasites, by contrast, are not adversely affected by pollution; nevertheless, the researchers’ discovery probably does explain why leaf beetles cause particularly severe damage to willows in areas with severe air pollution, since
选项 A、neither the predators nor the parasites of leaf beetles themselves attack willow trees
B、the parasites that attack leaf beetles actually tend to be more prevalent in areas with severe air pollution than they are elsewhere
C、the damage caused by leaf beetles is usually not enough to kill a willow tree outright
D、where air pollution is not especially severe, predators have much more impact on leaf-beetle populations than parasites do
E、willows often grow in areas where air pollution is especially severe
答案D
解析 Argument Construction
Situation Leaf beetles damage willow trees, but predators and parasites keep leaf beetle populations in check. Air pollution reduces populations of predators but not of parasites. Leaf beetles damage willows especially severely in areas with severe air pollution.
Reasoning What would support the conclusion that air pollution’s effects on the predator populations (but not on the parasite populations) explains why leaf beetles damage willows the most in areas with severe air pollution? The word since preceding the blank space at the end of the passage indicates that the space should be filled with a premise supporting the conclusion stated immediately before the since. To support this conclusion, it would help to have evidence that predators play a predominant role in keeping leaf beetle populations in check, and thus that the reduction of predator populations by air pollution could be sufficient to enable leaf beetle populations to grow and cause especially severe damage.
A The fact that neither the predators nor the parasites directly contribute to harming the trees offers no reason to conclude that a difference in how they are affected by pollution would contribute to the harm that the beetles cause to the trees.
B If the parasites are more prevalent in areas with severe air pollution, then they are more likely to keep leaf beetle populations in check in those areas, despite the reduced predator populations. Thus, the decline in predator populations would more likely be insufficient to explain why the leaf beetles cause more damage in those areas.
C This observation is irrelevant to whether the decline in predator populations explains why leaf beetles damage willow trees more severely in areas with severe air pollution.
D Correct. This indicates that predators play a predominant role in keeping leaf beetle populations in check, so, as explained above, it supports the argument’s conclusion.
E This is not clearly relevant to whether the decline in predator populations explains why leaf beetles damage willow trees more severely in areas with severe air pollution. The argument’s conclusion could just as easily be true regardless of whether willows grow in such polluted areas frequently or infrequently.
The correct answer is D.
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