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  3. Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may

Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may

admin2021-10-20  76
问题     Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may be falling in the UK, in much of the world it is rising in both sexes. The first cigarettes had been rolled by soldiers in the Turkish-Egyptian war more than 90 years before the first of the two world wars that popularized smoking. Between 1938 and 1948 lung cancer increased five times faster than other cancers, but these statistics were no match for the impact of Hollywood stars smoking in films. By this time women were smoking almost as much as men.
    There are two main types of lung cancer, determined by the type of cell involved—small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Around 75% of cases are of the non-small cell variety, the standard small cell lung cancers account for 20% and a few rarer types of lung cancer complete the balance. About 90% of all lung cancer cases can be attributed to smoking. The outcome is still not good. The five-year survival rate in those with lung cancer is approximately 15%.
    Depending on the type of cancer, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used, but if the cancer has not spread, the first line of treatment is usually surgery. If the tumor has spread, either radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both may be used, sometimes in combination.
    The choice of treatment will depend on the type of cell forming the cancer and the extent of its growth. Advanced non-small cell cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy and in these cases radiotherapy is used for symptomatic treatment. Likewise in small cell cancer, which has usually spread beyond the original site at diagnosis so that surgery is unlikely to be used and the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy and radiation.
The author’s attitude towards smoking is _______.
选项 A、pessimistic
B、worried
C、positive
D、impersonal
答案B
解析 第2段作者讲到90％的肺癌归于吸烟，第3句的The outcome is still not good以及对肺癌死亡率高的描述，根据这些可以看出作者对于吸烟的态度是“担忧的”，因此选B。
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