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  3. Did the Ancient Greeks and Romans have a sense of fashion? Historians of dress have traditionally claimed that fashion in the mo

Did the Ancient Greeks and Romans have a sense of fashion? Historians of dress have traditionally claimed that fashion in the mo

admin2010-09-10  99
问题     Did the Ancient Greeks and Romans have a sense of fashion? Historians of dress have traditionally claimed that fashion in the modern sense did not exist in Greece and Rome, but this assertion rests upon a misconception of rather sophisticated Greco Roman attitudes toward physical appearance, as well as upon definitions of "dress" and "fashion" that are too limited.
    As is abundantly clear from their art and literature, the ancients attached great importance to ideals of bodily perfection and to outward appearance in general. Both the Greeks and the Romans demonstrated, from their earliest history, an extraordinary awareness of the potential of the body (and various modifications that could be made to it) as a means of marking social, political, religious, and even moral distinctions, aside from the opportunities dress and body decoration represent for self-expression or the pursuit of beauty. The ancients manipulated the expressive potential of clothing and adornments in a myriad of contexts: in their rituals, in theatre, and in the political arena, as well as in literature. There is also considerabte evidence of innovation, experimentation, and the determined expression of personal style, even in Republican Rome where societal norms or expectations were ostensibly rigid in regard to clothing, correct grooming, or the use of jewelry, per fume or cosmetics.
    "Fashion" may be said to encompass ally of four forms. First, there is a conscious manipulation of dress that strives for effect, a "momentary instance" of fashion, "fashion statement" or "fad". Second, fashion may designate innovations in dress that are more enduring than simple fads. Some of these changes occur abruptly, whether due to political upheavals, economic fluctuations, or even the sudden abundance or scarcity of certain materials; other innovations may develop more deliberately. Third is the phenomenon where by styles in a particular area of dress change swiftly and repeatedly, with the new ones re placing the old in rapid succession. Finally, fashion may refer specifically to the use of such adornments as cosmetics, fragrance, and jewelry, whose primary purpose is to enhance a wearer’s natural features. Primarily considered the preserve of women, this aspect also plays a significant role in, he lives of men, especially in the male-dominated societies of Greece and Rome, in which the "correct" appearance was often a necessary prerequisite to a man’s political success.
According to the text, which of the following may lead to enduring innovations in dress?
选项 A、A fad.
B、Changing tastes of the public.
C、A sudden scarcity of a particular material.
D、The passage of time.
答案C
解析 属事实细节题。第三段告诉我们，某种材料的突然短缺可以带来持久的服装创新。
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