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  3. Thousands of years【C1】______humans began the process of domesticating the dog and shaping what "being a dog" really means. Throu

Thousands of years【C1】______humans began the process of domesticating the dog and shaping what "being a dog" really means. Throu

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问题     Thousands of years【C1】______humans began the process of domesticating the dog and shaping what "being a dog" really means. Through careful selection and breeding, an astonishing variety of dog breeds【C2】______been created. Desirable traits have been selected for in various breeds that are of a benefit【C3】______humans. There are some traits, however, that quickly become undesirable when expressed too frequently. Barking is a(an) 【C4】______of a natural behavior that is encouraged in terms of guarding behavior, but becomes a problem when the behavior is produced in excess. A recent health insurance investigation revealed【C5】______the sound of a continually barking dog was cited as the most disruptive and stress inducing【C6】______for humans.
    Barking, in addition to whining, howling and growling, is a dog’s【C7】______means of communication. Barking is characterized by a series of short, sharp sounds, that tend to vary【C8】______in tone or pitch. A dog’s bark【C9】______signify territorial protection, exertion of dominance, or expression of some need.【C10】______, barking is "a means of communication triggered by a state of excitement." Being a natural trait, barking is not considered a behavioral problem,【C11】______it is produced in excess.
    The key to solving the problem of excess barking in your dog begins with an understanding of what is causing【C12】______behavior. Once you have determined a cause,【C13】______have a greater chance of choosing the most effective solution(e. g. , more exercise)or behavioral modification. Modifying such an instinctive and natural behavior【C14】______barking can be difficult, and may require considerable patience, time, and hard work.【C15】______, however, are possible, and worth the effort.
【C11】
选项 A、so that
B、when
C、because
D、until
答案D
解析 这里考查的是not…until(不……除非……)的句型。既然是自然的特征，吠应该不算是行为问题，除非过分了。选项D是正确的。
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