2. 外语
  3. A. ample B. combinations C. directly D. disseminated E. generations F. genuinely G. instead H. lists

A. ample B. combinations C. directly D. disseminated E. generations F. genuinely G. instead H. lists

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问题     A. ample     B. combinations C. directly      D. disseminated  E. generations
    F. genuinely G. instead      H. lists         I. promulgated   J. publicized
    K. scant     L. shaped       M. sophisticated N. transplanted  O. virtual
    Imagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such【C1】________of objects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, 【C2】________by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and【C3】________their laws in writing.
    Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through【C4】________, and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and【C5】________through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear【C6】________resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a【C7】________necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations.
    A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not【C8】________involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a【C9】________system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but【C10】________invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.
【C7】
选项
答案O
解析 空格前面是冠词a，后面是名词necessity，因此空格处应填入非元音音素开头的形容词，并由此可排除A项ample。结合句意，备选形容词中的virtual“几乎的”符合句意，这里指文字对于社会而言几乎是必需的，故O为答案。
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