2. 外语
  3. That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called rememberin

That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called rememberin

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问题     That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .
    Practice(or review)tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice, what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
    In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behaviour that might have been corrected a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who(by ordinary standards)forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
    Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage(input)and forgetting(output). Indeed, there is an evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
Which one of the following is not an advantage of forgetting?
选项 A、Forgetting is able to relieve ourselves.
B、Forgetting could enhance our adaptive ability.
C、Forgetting is a response to learning.
D、Forgetting makes us grateful for what we have now.
答案D
解析 细节题。下列哪一项不属于遗忘的好处?此题应用排除法。选项A，对应第二段第五句；选项B，对应第三段第三句，原文为反义表达，即如果没有遗忘，适应性能力将会受到损害，正面表达即选项B，遗忘可以帮助我们提高适应能力；选项C。对应最后一段第二句。选项D，遗忘让我们懂得珍惜已拥有的，未在文中提到。因此，正确答案是D。
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