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  3. Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and sto

Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and sto

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问题      Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and stones of major popular sites like Shakespeares birthplace or Stonehenge are literally being worn away by millions of foreign feet. The remedy in the case of Britain’ s best known prehistoric monument has been to use railings to keep visitors at a distance. Such measures can hardly be adopted in the house of the Bard, however, where tourists want to enter the actual building.
     Overcrowding in cities, towns and villages is another problem. Traffic jams are an outcome. In narrow roads, tourist vehicles cause congestion. Local traders and residents cannot get around to do their work. Car parks fill up, so strangers park their cars where they can: in streets, across gate ways, in lay-bys, or even in private driveways. This causes obstruction. The sheer weights of incomers can be a hazard. Thus Venice, a city built for half a million inhabitants, is swollen by another half million who populate the city daily in the tourist season eight million visits each year. The mayor recently decided to limit visitors to 90,000 a day: the only way to save the city from inundation.
     Pollution is a further consequence. The’ Lakes are popular for people who enjoy water-sports, such as water-skiing, power boat racing and swimming, but boats pump sewage directly into the water. Facilities can be provided to prevent this happening, but this is costly. There are also problems with litter.
     The threat to wildlife habitats is yet another result. Tourists around the Lakes destroy vegetation. This is harmful to animals which build their nests along the shores, Wildlife refuges have been created which have helped protect these natural sites. On the Greek island of Zakinthos, the breeding beaches of the rare loggerhead turtle are being threatened by tourist disturbance. Local conservationists try to monitor and protect the turtles but they have been attacked by the angry owners of taverns and hotels who make lucrative profits from bars or renting sunbeds and umbrellas. Government compensation payments for the loss of business might be the answer, but this would be costly.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
选项 A、The development of tourism has brought about environmental problems.
B、Tourism should not develop at the cost of the environmental destruction.
C、Measures taken to protect the environment prove to be ineffective.
D、Tourism is developing for the sole purpose of making money.
答案A
解析 文章的主旨陈述在第一句：旅游业的发展给环境带来(不良)影响。下列几段分别从几个地方遭受不同形式的危害来说明这一主旨。B不正确。在列举的几方面危害中，有的与生态的平衡(ecological balance)无关，如威尼斯(Venice)的下沉(inundation)、莎士比亚故居的石阶被踏平等。C不正确。作者的确提到了许多保护措施代价太高(costly)，但有的却不是这样，如第一段提到了装栏杆(railing)的措施，这一措施的问题不在于它昂贵，而在于它的不可行性，因为旅游者必须进到里面去参观，否则便没有意
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