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  3. When doctors need information about what dose of medication to prescribe, they usually consult a fat navy-blue book called The P

When doctors need information about what dose of medication to prescribe, they usually consult a fat navy-blue book called The P

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问题     When doctors need information about what dose of medication to prescribe, they usually consult a fat navy-blue book called The Physicians’ Desk Reference, or PDR, an extensive compilation of data about drugs form their manufacturers. But the doses recommended in the PDR. may be too high for many people and may cause adverse reactions, ranging from dizziness and nausea all the way to death, according to an article published last month in the journal Postgraduate Medicine.
    For many drugs—including Viagra, Prozac and some medicines used to treat high blood pressure, allergies, insomnia and high cholesterol—smaller doses would work just as well, with far less risk of bad reactions, said Jay Cohen, the author of the article.
    "Side effects drive a lot of people out of treatment that they need", Dr. Cohen said, noting that people with chronic conditions like high blood pressure, headaches and depression often gave up trying to treat their illnesses when they found that the cure was worse than the disease. But if doctors were to individualize dosages for each patient, more people might take their medicine.
    Dr. Cohen said he became aware of the problem because he encountered many patients who suffered from side effects even though they had taken what were supposedly the correct doses of medicine. When Dr. Cohen consulted medical journals and textbooks, he discovered studies showing that many patients were helped by smaller than usual amounts of medication. And many of his own patients did better with reduced doses of medicine.
    He said his findings helped explain a study published last year by other researchers, who reported that drug reactions in hospitals were among the nation’s leading causes of death, killing more than 100,000 Americans a year. The deaths that the team studied were not due to medication errors by doctors or patients; they occurred in people taking doses thought to be correct.
    Dosing guidelines generally tend to be too high because they are based on studies conducted in limited numbers of patients by drug companies when they are seeking approval for new products. For those studies to run efficiently, doses need to be high enough to show as quickly as possible that the drug works. But later, after the drug is approved, far more people take it, sometimes along with other drugs, and individual differences begin to show up. Yet, that information does not always make it into the PDR, and it is not well taught in medical school, Cohen said.
    Dr. Cohen cautioned that patients should not begin tinkering with doses pf prescription drugs on their own. He said they needed to work with doctors to adjust the doses safely. With some drugs, doses cannot be changed. And in emergencies, he said, it is always safest to stick with recommended doses.
选项 A、He found out the mistakes of PDR.
B、He lowered the drug doses in treating patients.
C、He used different doses according to individuals.
D、He suggested medical schools teach the importance of lowering doses.
答案A
解析
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