首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In his lectures at the Lyceum, a school that remained for centuries one of the great centers of learning in Greece, Aristotle de
In his lectures at the Lyceum, a school that remained for centuries one of the great centers of learning in Greece, Aristotle de
admin
2019-04-08
84
问题
In his lectures at the Lyceum, a school that remained for centuries one of the great centers of learning in Greece, Aristotle defined the basic concepts and principles of many of the sciences.
【T1】
In the first place, Aristotle criticized Plato’s theory of Forms by arguing that forms could not exist by themselves but existed only in particular things, which are composed of both form and matter.
He understood substances as matter organized by a particular form.
Nature, for Aristotle, is an organic system of things whose forms make it possible to arrange them into classes comprising species and genera. Each species, he believed, has a form, purpose, and mode of development in terms of which it can be defined.【T2】
The aim of science is to define the essential forms, purposes, and modes of development of all species and to arrange them in their natural order in accordance with their complexities of form.
The main levels are the inanimate, the vegetative, the animal, and the rational.【T3】
The soul is the form of the body, and humans, whose rational soul is a higher form than the souls of other species on earth, are the highest species of perishable things.
The heavenly bodies, composed of an imperishable substance, or ether, and moved eternally in perfect circular motion by God, are still higher in the order of nature.
Aristotle’s political and ethical philosophy similarly developed out of a critical examination of Plato’s principles.【T4】
The standards of personal and social behavior, according to Aristotle, must be found in the scientific study of the natural tendencies of individuals and societies rather than in abstract realm of pure forms.
Less insistent therefore than Plato on a rigorous conformity to absolute principles, Aristotle regarded ethical rules as practical guides to a happy and well-rounded life. His emphasis on happiness, as the active fulfillment of natural capacities, expressed the attitude toward life held by cultivated Greeks of his time. In political theory, Aristotle agreed with Plato that a monarchy ruled by a wise king would be the ideal political structure, but he also recognized that societies differ in their needs and traditions and believed that a limited democracy is usually the best compromise.【T5】
In his theory of knowledge, Aristotle rejected the Platonic doctrine that knowledge is innate and insisted that it can be acquired only by generalization from experience.
He interpreted art as a means of pleasure and intellectual enlightenment rather than an instrument of moral education.
【T4】
选项
答案
根据亚里士多德的观点,个人和社会行为的标准必然是在对个人和社会的自然趋势的科学研究中发现的,而不是在纯形式的抽象领域中发现的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3BCd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Asweenterthe21stcentury,anewglobaleconomydrawsnationsevercloser.Butourgrowinginterdependence【21】______onm
Asweenterthe21stcentury,anewglobaleconomydrawsnationsevercloser.Butourgrowinginterdependence【21】______onm
Accordingtothepassage,whatdidnaturerepresenttoIsadoraDuncan?
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneed
Everycultureattemptstocreatea"universeofdiscourse"foritsmembers,awayinwhichpeoplecaninterprettheirexperience
Everycultureattemptstocreatea"universeofdiscourse"foritsmembers,awayinwhichpeoplecaninterprettheirexperience
OvershadowedbyrowsoverNigeriaandLockerbie,theCommonwealth’sattemptstorefocusontradeandinvestment—themaintheme
WhatdidMr.Smithdecidetodowhentheyreturnedhome?
随机试题
被刘勰誉为“五言之冠冕”的诗歌是【】
男性45岁,因外伤性肠破裂行部分小肠切除吻合术术后5天出现低热、下腹部坠胀、大便次数增多伴里急后重。直肠指诊于直肠前壁触及有压痛的肿块伴波动感,白细胞计数20×109/L,中性粒细胞90%。此时的治疗应选择
受生物性污染的水体最易引起
采用横道图计划、网络计划技术等,编制设备工程进度计划属于进度控制措施中的( )。
建设单位不能确定( )为中标人。根据《招标投标法》有关规定,招标人与中标人应于( )之前,按照招标文件和中标人的投标文件订立书面合同。
()属于运输保险风险中的意外事件。
Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsthreatensthepublic,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceof
AsIwasgrowingup,mylifewentaroundsoccer(足球).Iplayedonthenationalyouthsoccerteams,andtravelledtoEurope.Atag
Thespeakerwantsustoknowthatachild
A、TheUSAPearBureau.B、TheLouisianaStateUniversity.C、TheUSDAD、TheWorldPearAssociation.A录音末尾提到,美国梨业局(TheUSAPearBur
最新回复
(
0
)