首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In his lectures at the Lyceum, a school that remained for centuries one of the great centers of learning in Greece, Aristotle de
In his lectures at the Lyceum, a school that remained for centuries one of the great centers of learning in Greece, Aristotle de
admin
2019-04-08
39
问题
In his lectures at the Lyceum, a school that remained for centuries one of the great centers of learning in Greece, Aristotle defined the basic concepts and principles of many of the sciences.
【T1】
In the first place, Aristotle criticized Plato’s theory of Forms by arguing that forms could not exist by themselves but existed only in particular things, which are composed of both form and matter.
He understood substances as matter organized by a particular form.
Nature, for Aristotle, is an organic system of things whose forms make it possible to arrange them into classes comprising species and genera. Each species, he believed, has a form, purpose, and mode of development in terms of which it can be defined.【T2】
The aim of science is to define the essential forms, purposes, and modes of development of all species and to arrange them in their natural order in accordance with their complexities of form.
The main levels are the inanimate, the vegetative, the animal, and the rational.【T3】
The soul is the form of the body, and humans, whose rational soul is a higher form than the souls of other species on earth, are the highest species of perishable things.
The heavenly bodies, composed of an imperishable substance, or ether, and moved eternally in perfect circular motion by God, are still higher in the order of nature.
Aristotle’s political and ethical philosophy similarly developed out of a critical examination of Plato’s principles.【T4】
The standards of personal and social behavior, according to Aristotle, must be found in the scientific study of the natural tendencies of individuals and societies rather than in abstract realm of pure forms.
Less insistent therefore than Plato on a rigorous conformity to absolute principles, Aristotle regarded ethical rules as practical guides to a happy and well-rounded life. His emphasis on happiness, as the active fulfillment of natural capacities, expressed the attitude toward life held by cultivated Greeks of his time. In political theory, Aristotle agreed with Plato that a monarchy ruled by a wise king would be the ideal political structure, but he also recognized that societies differ in their needs and traditions and believed that a limited democracy is usually the best compromise.【T5】
In his theory of knowledge, Aristotle rejected the Platonic doctrine that knowledge is innate and insisted that it can be acquired only by generalization from experience.
He interpreted art as a means of pleasure and intellectual enlightenment rather than an instrument of moral education.
【T4】
选项
答案
根据亚里士多德的观点,个人和社会行为的标准必然是在对个人和社会的自然趋势的科学研究中发现的,而不是在纯形式的抽象领域中发现的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3BCd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Howlongdoesaninterviewusuallylastaccordingtothespeaker?
Therewasatimewhenparentswhowantedaneducationalpresentfortheirchildrenwouldbuyatypewriter,aglobeoranencyclo
ThepeoplemostlikelytogethookedinInternetare______.
Tostartwith,youshouldselectthe______.
Helandedinthiscountrywhenhewas4yearsoldwithoutawordofEnglish,andtherehehasrecentlygraduatedwithhonorsfro
Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegood
ThemainimpressiongrowingoutoftwelveyearsonthefacultyofamedicalschoolisthattheNo.1healthproblemintheUS.t
Amarketiscommonlythoughtofasaplacewherecommoditiesareboughtandsold.Thusfruitandvegetablesaresoldwholesale
Oneimportantaspectofretirementformostpeopleisdecidingwheretolive.Inthepast,thiswasnotanissuebecausemostel
800BC-700BC
随机试题
下列哪项不是脐带血移植存在的主要问题
患者,女性,51岁,农民。因“阵发性胸闷、心悸12小时,伴晕厥1次”入院。患者于入院前12小时清晨起床蹲位排便后起立行走时突发胸闷、心悸、黑嚎,呼之不应,持续约10分钟,由急救车急诊入院。既往身体健康。查体:神志清,心肺未发现异常体征。拟诊“冠心病,心绞痛
不参与基础泪液分泌的是
A.经络失调B.阴阳逆乱C.风阳煽动D.阴阳离决E.痰湿中阻
梁式桥的净跨径是()。
下列作品中由冯骥才创作并被选入多种版本的中小学语文教材的有()。
材料一:十八届三中全会提出“必须切实转变政府职能,深化行政体制改革,创新行政管理方式,增强政府公信力和执行力,建设法治政府和服务型政府”。建设服务型政府是我们党明确提出的一个工作目标,是实现“中国梦"的根本保障。材料二:近年来,“政务超市”“行政审批大厅
根据以下资料。回答下列小题。2013年二季度,我国税收收入同比增速逐步提高,分别为7.9%、8.3%和12.9%。截止2013年6月,全国税收总收入完成59260.61亿元,同比增长7.9%,较上年同期回落1.9个百分点。其中,国内增值税、企业所
在TCP/IP协议集中,TCP和【 】协议运行于传输层。
李秘书需要将《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要》一文编辑整理并下发各部门,利用考生文件夹下提供的相关素材、参考样例文档,按照下列要求帮助他完成文档的编排,最终的稿件不应超过22页:参考考生文件夹下的“水印效果示例.jpg”,为文档正文部分页码为奇数的页面添加
最新回复
(
0
)