2. 外语
  3. Science and Truth "FINAGLE" (欺骗) is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason isthat the image of the s

Science and Truth "FINAGLE" (欺骗) is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason isthat the image of the s

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问题                             Science and Truth
    "FINAGLE" (欺骗) is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason isthat the image of the scientist is of one who always【C1】______ data in an impartial (不偏不倚的)   search for truth. In any debate ______(52)intelligence,schooling, energy—thephrase "science says" usually disarms opposition
    But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a "finagle factor"—a tendency bymany scientists to give a helpful change to the data to【C3】______desired results. The latestof the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard biologist, who has【C4】______the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time for analysing the brain【C5】______of the skulls as a measure of intelligence.He concluded that whites had the largest brains, that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and【C6】______, that whites constitute a superior race.
    Gould went back to Morton’s original data and concluded that the【C7】______were an example of the finagle at work. He found that Morton’s "discovery" was made by leaving out embarrassing data,【C8】______ incorrect procedures, and changing his criteria—again, always in favour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects【C9】______.
    But Gould went on to say Morton’s story is only an example of a common problem in【C10】______ work. Some of the leading figures in science are【C11】______ to have used thefinagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out (捏造) to support at least three central statements that he could not prove. And so【C12】______ Laudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer , whose master work, Almagest, summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth asits centre.  Recent【C13】______indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resortedheavily to the finagle factor.
    All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work. For example, in the artificialsweetener controversy, it is【C14】______ that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industryfind that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,【C15】______all the studies sponsored by the dietfood industry find nothing wrong with it.
【C8】
选项 A、planning
B、making
C、using
D、searching
答案C
解析 procedure的意思是“程序、过程”,“采用……程序或过程”,用动词use,所以选项C为正确答案。
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