首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The operation known as a hemispherectomy—the removal of half the brain-sounds too radical to ever consider, much less perform. I
The operation known as a hemispherectomy—the removal of half the brain-sounds too radical to ever consider, much less perform. I
admin
2022-08-06
43
问题
The operation known as a hemispherectomy—the removal of half the brain-sounds too radical to ever consider, much less perform. In the past century, however, surgeons have done it hundreds of times for disorders that cannot be controlled any other way. Perhaps surprisingly, the surgery has no apparent effect on personality or memory. Does that mean a person needs only half a brain? Yes and no. People can survive and function pretty well after the procedure, but they will have some physical disabilities.
The first known hemispherectomy was performed on a dog in 1888 by German physiologist Friedrich Goltz. Neurosurgeon Walter Dandy pioneered the use of the procedure on humans at Johns Hopkins University in 1923, operating on a patient who had a brain tumor. That man lived for more than three years before ultimately dying from cancer.
In 1938, after performing a hemispherectomy on a 16-year-old girl, Canadian neurosurgeon Kenneth McKenzie reported that it could stop seizures, a neurological disorder in the brain. And today brain surgeons perform hemispherectomies on patients who undergo dozens of seizures daily that resist all medication and stem from conditions that primarily afflict one hemisphere. "These disorders are often progressive and damage the rest of the brain if not treated," explains neurosurgeon Gary W. Mathern of the University of California, Los Angeles.
The surgery takes two forms. Anatomical hemispherectomies involve the removal of an entire hemisphere, whereas functional hemispherectomies take out only parts of a hemisphere—as well as severing the connections between the two halves of the brain. Doctors often prefer anatomical hemispherectomies because "leaving even a little bit of brain behind can lead seizures to return," says neurologist John Freeman of Johns Hopkins, which specializes in the procedure. On the other hand, functional hemispherectomies, which U.C.L.A. surgeons usually perform, lead to less blood loss. "Our patients are usually under two years of age, so they have less blood to lose," Mathern says. Neurosurgeons have performed the functional operation on children as young as three months old. In these tiny patients, memory and personality develop normally.
Most Johns Hopkins hemispherectomy patients are older than five years. A recent study found that 86 percent of the 111 children who underwent the procedure at Johns Hopkins between 1975 and 2001 are either seizure-free or have non-disabling seizures that do not require medication. Another study found that children who underwent a hemispherectomy often improved academically once their seizures stopped. "One was champion bowler of her class, one was chess champion of his state, and others are in college doing very nicely," Freeman notes.
Doctors prefer anatomical hemispherectomy to functional hemispherectomy in that
选项
A、it can completely stop seizures by removing the entire hemisphere.
B、it is harmful to sever the connections between the two halves of the brain.
C、the patients are old enough to bear the pain of the operation.
D、anatomical hemispherectomy causes less blood loss.
答案
A
解析
考查因果细节,根据题干定位到第四段,其中讲到如果不完全切除大脑半球,就算只有极少的残余也会导致癫痫复发。故A项正确。B项中的it is harmful以及C项中的old enough to在文中并未提及;D项与文意相悖。原文说是功能性大脑半球切除术的病人失血量更少。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3FmZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Lawyersarelessthan1%ofAmericanadults,【C1】______theyarewell-representedingovernment.Boththepresidentandthevice-p
Lawyersarelessthan1%ofAmericanadults,【C1】______theyarewell-representedingovernment.Boththepresidentandthevice-p
Themoreparentstalktotheirchildren,thefasterthosechildren’svocabulariesgrowandthebettertheirintelligencedevelop
Themoreparentstalktotheirchildren,thefasterthosechildren’svocabulariesgrowandthebettertheirintelligencedevelop
"Beforetheoperation,IwouldlookatsomeoneandallIcouldseefortheirfacewasjelly,"saysJonathanWyatt"Now,Icanse
"Beforetheoperation,IwouldlookatsomeoneandallIcouldseefortheirfacewasjelly,"saysJonathanWyatt"Now,Icanse
Therigidhigher-educationbusinessisabouttoexperienceawelcomeearthquake.Traditionaluniversitiesnowfaceanew【C1】____
Hydrocarbons,______byengineexhausts,reactwithnitrogenoxidesinthepresenceofsunlighttoformcomplextoxicgases.
TheeconomistGeorgeAkerloffoundhimselffacedwithasimpletask:mailingaboxofclothesfromIndia,wherehewasliving,t
随机试题
形寒肢冷,脘腹冷痛,纳呆呕恶,大便稀溏,肢体水肿,腰膝酸软,舌淡苔白滑,此证属于()(2004年第23题)
透明血栓的主要成分是
题24~27:某支架为一单向压弯格构式双肢缀条柱结构,如图2-12所示,截面无削弱;材料采用Q235-B钢,E43型焊接,手工焊接,柱肢采用HA300×200×6×10(翼缘为焰切边),缀条采用。该柱承受的荷载设计值为:轴心压力N=960kN,弯矩MX=2
根据对项目不同方案的敏感性分析,投资者应选择()的方案实施。
背景资料:某大厦工程项目,建设单位与施工单位根据《建设工程施工合同文本》签订了工程的总承包施工合同,总承包商将该大厦工程项目的装饰装修工程分包给一家具有相应资质条件的某装饰装修工程公司。该装饰装修工程公司与工程项目建设单位签订了该大厦工程项目的装饰装修
甲系某中外合资企业法定代表人,该企业在某一纳税年度中,采取销售不入账和谎称原始销售统计清单丢失的方式偷税人民币70万元,占该企业应纳税额的15%,对该行为的认定,正确的是( )
在土地增值税清算过程中,房地产开发企业发生的下列情形中,可实行核定征收的有()。
C公司拟投资建设一条生产线,现有甲、乙两种投资方案可供选择,相关资料如表1所示:该公司适用的企业所得税税率为25%。假定基准现金贴现率为8%,财务费用为零。相关货币时间价值系数表如表2所示:要求:若甲、乙两方案的净现值分别为264.40万元和2
下列关于OSI参考模型层次划分原则的描述中,错误的是()。
Ratherthanallowingthesedramaticexchangesbetweenhercharacterstodevelopfully,Ms.Normanunfortunatelytendsto______
最新回复
(
0
)