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  3. Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent

Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent

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问题     Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small, homogeneous, simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society, the institution of government takes over this function.
    For purposes of analysis, social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individual’s behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform, to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards.
    Political control is an outgrowth of moral control, and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the government’s authority as right and just. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition, a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to "The Roots of Lawlessness" by historian Henry Steele Commangaer.
    Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus, individuals violating the rules and regulations of the economic, educational, or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government.
Which statement is NOT correct?
选项 A、Political control must occasionally be controlled by an outside force.
B、Political control can exist without moral control in a society.
C、Political control reinforce moral control.
D、Moral control emanates from within.
答案B
解析 本题考查细节推理。根据第二段中第二句的“Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs andvalues of a society and regulations”可知，人们对道德上的遵守是来自信仰和社会规范，这些都是出自自我意识的提高。所以B项符合题意。
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