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If they were just another product, the market would work its usual magic: supply would respond to high prices and rise to meet s

admin2022-09-06  30
问题     If they were just another product, the market would work its usual magic: supply would respond to high prices and rise to meet surging demand. But hu?man kidneys are no ordinary commodity. Trading them is banned in most countries. So supply depends largely on the charity of individuals. Unsurprising?ly, with altruism the only incentive, not enough people offer.
    Kidneys are the subject of a quietly growing global drama. As people in the rich world live longer and grow fatter, queues for kidneys are lengthening fast: at a rate of 7% a year in America, for exam?ple, where last year 4,039 people died waiting. Doctors are allowing older and more sluggish kidneys to be transplanted. Ailing, rich patients are buying kidneys from the poor and desperate in burgeoning black markets.
    In the face of all this, most countries are sticking with the worst of all policy options. Govern?ments place the burden on their citizens to volunteer organs. A few European countries, including Spain, manage to push up supply a bit by presuming citizens’ consent to having their organs transplant?ed when they die unless they specify otherwise.  Whether or not such presumed consent is morally right, it does not solve the supply problem, in Spain or elsewhere. On the other hand, if just 0.06% of healthy Americans aged between 19 and 65 parted with one kidney, the country would have no waiting list.
    The way to encourage this is to legalize the sale of kidneys. That’s what Iran has done. An offi?cially approved patients’ organization oversees the transactions. Donors get $2,000-4,000. The waiting list has been eliminated. Many people will find the very idea of individuals selling their organs repul?sive. Yet an organ market, in body parts of deceased people, already exists. Companies make millions out of it. It seems perverse, then, to exclude individuals.
    With proper regulation, a kidney market would be a big improvement on the current, sorry state of affairs. Sellers could be checked for disease and drug use, and cared for after operations. They could, for instance, receive health insurance as part of their payment—which would be cheap because proper?ly screened donors appear to live longer than the average Joe with two kidneys. Buyers would get bet?ter kidneys, faster. Both sellers and buyers would do better than in the illegal market, where much of the money goes to the middleman. Instinct often trumps logic. Sometimes that’s right. But in this case, the instinct that selling bits of oneself is wrong leads to many premature deaths and much suffering. The logical answer, in this case, is the humane one.
The word "burgeoning" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to
选项 A、competitive.
B、overriding.
C、growing.
D、potential.
答案C
解析 词义理解题。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词义。前面讲到很多人等待肾脏移植，而医生只移植部分肾脏，这导致富人向穷人购买肾脏，此处强调需要购买肾脏的人很多。因此最可能是在“迅速发展的”黑市中购买，故C项growing正确。A项意为“竞争的”；B项意为“最重要的”；D项意为“潜在的”，均不符合语境。
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