首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work-has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work-has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
admin
2010-06-18
86
问题
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work-has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption Of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women’s work." The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women’s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed, any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.
It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, most women worked in______.
选项
A、textile mills
B、private households
C、Offices
D、schools
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3LlO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThewelfareofchildrenisapriorityfortheUN.In【B1】______Europeand【B2】______Asiatheresearchisfocussingonthosekept
Thecars,SUVsandpickupspeoplewillbuyintheyearsaheadarelikelytouselessfuel,andmanywillrelyonethanolorhous
Globalaveragetemperaturesaresettoriseby1°Cabovepre-industriallevelsforthefirsttime,astheworld’sclimateenters
Globalaveragetemperaturesaresettoriseby1°Cabovepre-industriallevelsforthefirsttime,astheworld’sclimateenters
TheRiseofRPHistoricalreasonsReceivedpronunciationwasoriginallyassociatedwitha【L1】______spokenintheregionbe
Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendu
Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedha
ThefollowingwerethefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublicEXCEPT______.
Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis______.Toavoidthemistakesof
A、wrongB、improperC、naturalD、justifiableA
随机试题
下列机关中,有权在适用过程中对具体应用法律问题作解释的是()
阅读陆游《关山月》(和戎诏下十五年),然后回答问题。和戎诏下十五年,将军不战空临边。朱门沉沉按歌舞,厩马肥死弓断弦。
男婴,6个月。3天来高热,咳嗽,精神萎靡,纳差,时有呕吐,大便稀,3~4次/日。周围血WBC20×109/L。查体:烦躁不安,气促,面色苍白,皮肤可见猩红热样皮疹,两肺可闻中小湿哕音。诊断为
男性,56岁,因进行性吞咽困难5个月就诊。入院检查诊断为食管癌,根据综合情况,决定行食管癌切除术。食管癌治疗方法应除外下列哪项
A.电离室B.光电管C.平板探测器D.影像板E.影像增强器CR系统中,直接记录X线影像信息的载体是
关于用能单位的法定义务,下列说法错误的是()。
从所给四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性()
ThemoreIreflectonthe23impressiveyearssincethesigningoftheMontrealProtocol,themoreIrealizewhatfar-reachingl
WhyMoreFarmersAreSwitchingtoGrass-FedMeatandDairyA)Thoughhedidn’tcomefromafarmingfamily,fromayoungageT
It【C1】______aroundnineo’clockwhenIdrove【C2】______homefromworkbecauseitwasalreadydark.AsIapproachedthegatesIsw
最新回复
(
0
)