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  3. THE UNIFORMITY OF GOODS Starting in the nineteenth century, there was a movement toward uniformity in American production. Ma

THE UNIFORMITY OF GOODS Starting in the nineteenth century, there was a movement toward uniformity in American production. Ma

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问题                      THE UNIFORMITY OF GOODS
   Starting in the nineteenth century, there was a movement toward uniformity in American production. Manufacturers tried to provide a common material experience so that all Americans could enjoy goods that were similar in style, quality, and price. Manufacturers expanded their production capabilities to regularize production and produce nearly uniform goods. The uniformity of products, or the belief that products were similar even when they were not, generally satisfied customers. Uniformity was achieved in several ways: through machine-based production, the identification of product type, the creation of brand names, and the establishment of standard sizes.
   Now cover the passage and listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin preparing your response.

   The professor discusses the history of the clothing industry. Explain how this industry contributed to the uniformity of goods.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a history class.
Speaking of the uniformity of goods, let me say something about the clothing industry—men’s clothing in particular. The greatest factor in the formation of the industry was the Civil War, which created a huge demand for uniforms for the soldiers. The need to outfit an army prompted the government to specify measurements to the manufacturers, and this led to the standardization of sizes. Then, after the war, there was a great demand for civilian clothing for all the returning soldiers. Manufacturers increased production—with the help of standardized sizes and new and better sewing machines— and were able to produce clothing to fit most of the male population. By the year 1900, most American men were completely clothed in mass-produced, ready-to-wear garments. They could buy suits, shirts, hats, and shoes with well-established brand names.
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答案 The uniformity of goods was achieved through machine-based production, the identification of product type, the creation of brand names, and the establishment of standard sizes. The men’s clothing industry contributed to the establishment of standard sizes. This began during a war, when the army needed large numbers of uniforms for soldiers. After the war, there was a large demand for clothing for returning soldiers, so manufacturers increased production, using standardized sizes and better sewing machines. Soon American men could buy mass-produced, ready-to-wear suits, shirts, hats, and shoes with well-known brand names. Women could buy ready-made clothing from mail-order catalogs and department stores. The shirtwaist (blouse) was one of the earliest mass- produced garments for women. The shirtwaist was produced in standard sizes and was popular with women of all social classes.
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