2. 外语
  3. Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline. Through the

Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline. Through the

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问题    Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline.  Through the stress on participation and getting the insider’s view, anthropologists of necessity become personally involved with their subjects. They show a humanistic concern for the people they study, and through their attempts to understand and describe people’s behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for other people and other ways. Nevertheless, with its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They often actually count, for example, the number of times specific behavior patterns occur and under what circumstances they use this data for empirical studies that integrate their observations into general laws of human behavior.
   Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant but useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Eric refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists to explain the word. In other words, the emic view is the insider’s, the participant’s view, and the etic is the outsider’s, the scientific observer’s view. Pierre’s emic view of his death, for exam- pie, is that he died from the power of the sorcerer; the anthropologist’s "etic view" is that he died from physiological effects of fear, induced by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are valid under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthroplogy’s uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.
Which of the following has been mentioned by the author as essential for a correct understanding of a culture?
选项 A、Direct contact with tile culture under investigation.
B、Knowledge of linguistics.
C、A keen interest in scientific disciplines.
D、Firm belief in humanitarianism.
答案A
解析 最后一段说together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture，这里指的是不同的proper circumstances，可以推断，要想真正了解一种文化，必须要接触它，了解其背景。
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