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  3. The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media．Current interest in【1】betw

The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media．Current interest in【1】betw

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问题   The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media．Current interest in【1】between music and intelligence stems from two independent areas of research．One focuses on short-term effects of【2】listening to music．The other is on a seperate【3】of research，which examines whether music lessons have【4】benefits that extend to non-musical areas of cognition．Such【5】could be unique to children who take music lessons for long periods of time【6】their experiences differ substantially from those of other children．Music lessons【7】long periods of focused attention，memorization of【8】musical passages，learning about a variety of musical structures，and【9】mastery of technical skills and the conventions【10】the expression of emotions in performance．This【11】of experiences could have a positive impact on cognition，particularly during the childhood years，when brain development is highly【12】and sensitive to environmental influence．
  Previous findings are【13】 with the hypothesis that music lessons promote intellectual development．For example，natural musical gifts is associated with literacy．【14】，correlational and experimental studies【15】that music lessons have positive relations with verbal memory，reading ability，selective attention，and mathematics achievement．【16】，the simplest explanation of these【17】relations is that they come froma common component，such as general intelligence．Put simply，children【18】high IQs are more likely than other children to take music lessons．To conclude that music lessons have a casual relation with IQ that is【19】to music，one must rule【20】potentially confusing factors such as socioeconomic status，and education，and demonstrate that non-musical，extracurricular activities do not have comparable effects on IQ．
【20】
选项 A、against
B、out
C、on
D、over
答案B
解析 考查动词短语辨析。空格处所在句意为：要想得出音乐学习与仅对音乐有影响的智力之间有因果关系这个结论，我们必须 ________社会经济地位和教育程度这些混杂因素……。rule out意为“排除，拒绝考虑”，符合文意。rule against“裁定对……不利”，rule on“裁定，判定”，rule over“统治”，三项均不符合文意。
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