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  3. Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of

Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of

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问题     Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case, Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.
    Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclu- sion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital invest - ment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.
    A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-product ion phi- losophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the production of different compo- nents or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.
Which of the following statements concerning the productivity levels of automakers can be inferred from the passage?
选项 A、Prior to the 1960’s, the productivity levels of the top Japanese automakers were exceeded by those of United States automakers.
B、The culture of a country has a large effect on the productivity levels of its automakers.
C、During the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, productivity levels were comparable in Japan and the United States.
D、The greater the number of cars that are produced in a single lot, the higher a plant’s productivity level.
E、The amount of capital investment made by automobile manufacturers in their factories determines the level of productivity.
答案A
解析 以下哪个关于汽车制造者生产力水平的说法正确?A．正确。1960年以前，日本顶尖汽车生产者的生产力水平不如美国生产者。原文L25—28，日本顶尖生产者在60年代中期达到、继而超过美国生产水平，本选项可以成立。B．文化对生产力作用，第一段观点，作者反对。C．70年代晚期，80年代前期，日美生产力水平相仿。无。文中L28—30指出是固定资产投入相仿。D．一批生产数目越多，工厂生产力水平越高。这和文中第三段所说“日本生产小批量汽车”相悖。E．投资额决定生产力。第二段观点，作者反对。
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