2. 外语
  3. The conception of poverty and what to【C1】______about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the【C

The conception of poverty and what to【C1】______about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the【C

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问题     The conception of poverty and what to【C1】______about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the【C2】______were supposed to be at the bottom  of the economic ladder as【C3】______of the "law of survival of the fittest". Society was【C4】______as a network of self-sufficient families which provided for their own.【C5】______persons  outside a household(orphans, the【C6】______elderly, and the crippled)were provided  outdoor relief grudgingly and as a temporary expedient(权宜之计). Although it was【C7】______that "the poor will always be with us" the individual was expected to improve himself【C8】______acts of his own will. Charity was thought to be the【C9】______of idleness. By keeping wages low, laborers would be【C10】______to work harder.
    At about the turn of the century, the beginning of concern about natural【C11】______brought uneasiness about the possible spread of beggary, There was a potentially dangerous class in【C12】______of disease and disorder. The "poor" were【C13】______as different from "paupers". Paupers were individuals well【C14】______to being on the low end of the socioeconomic【C15】______.Without shame or bitterness, they would not seek independence and a"【C16】______"life. For the mountaineers, the subsistence dwellers, and some slum dwellers, the lack of wealth,【C17】______has been argued, reflects a preference not to pay the psychological costs of the struggle for riches or of adopting the middle-class work ethic (道德标准) of striving. In【C18】______, the worthy poor struggled to【C19】______their lot against circumstances beyond their control: low wages, sickness, industrial【C20】______, widowhood(孀居)and so on.
【C3】
选项 A、an effect
B、a result
C、an outcome
D、a consequence
答案D
解析 此题考的是异形近义名词的词义辨析。consequence在此意为“结果，后果”，表示推论，in consequence与as a result同义。consequence和result均可表示“由于，因为……缘故”，其搭配分别是in consequence of和as a result of。outcome通常表示“最后的结果，成果”，effect表示效果。本题所给的四个选择项，似乎应选result，但仔细分析这是误导，人的经济地位低下并不是由于“适者生存的法则”而引起的结果，而是工作没有效率以及懒惰，因此C项是干扰，在做完型填空题时，不仅要注意固定搭配，而且要注意逻辑推理。
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大学英语四级

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