首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats(恒温器). But according to a new pie
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats(恒温器). But according to a new pie
admin
2013-09-24
41
问题
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats(恒温器). But according to a new piece of research, many of these actions—however virtuous—arise from faulty perceptions of energy savings.
Shahzeen Attari of Columbia University and her colleagues recruit 505 volunteers from across America. Each was asked to estimate the energy consumption of nine household devices as well as the energy savings incurred by six green activities. The researchers then compared the volunteers estimates with the actual energy requirements or savings in question.
Their results suggest that although people do grasp basic energy trends, they are decidedly hazy on the details. On average, participants underestimated both energy use and energy savings by a factor of 2. 8— mostly because they undervalued the requirements of large machines like heaters and clothes dryers. As a result, they failed to recognize the huge energy savings that can come from improving the efficiency of such appliances.
Miscalculations like these hinder conservation efforts. When asked to rank the single most effective way to save energy, participants typically endorsed activities with small savings, such as turning off lights, while ignoring what they could economize on larger devices. This suggests that people misallocate their efforts, fretting(烦恼)over an unattended lamp(at 100 watts)while neglecting the energy they could save by shifting their washer settings from "hot" to "warm"(4 000 watt-hours for each load of laundry).
A quirk(怪癖)of human psychology could help to explain these persistent underestimates. When calculating such things, people often adopt a familiar unit as a mental scale and then generate predictions based on that unit. As a side-effect, their estimates cluster too closely around the measure—a phenomenon called "anchoring."
This suggests an obvious criticism: by providing the light-bulb figure, the researchers primed their subjects to underestimate energy consumption. But the authors argue that rather than introducing a methodological flaw, they simply acknowledged a shared point of reference. When it comes to an accessible, quantitative measure of energy, consumers are uniquely familiar with the 100W bulb. As a result, Dr. Attari expects bulbs to exert an anchoring effect on the general population as well as on her volunteers, contributing to widespread underestimates of the energy demands of large appliances.
Why do people fail to realize the energy savings from improving the efficiency of appliances?
选项
A、Because they overlook the use of energy-saving appliances.
B、Because they don’t know the details of basic energy trends.
C、Because they underestimate the demands of highly energy-consuming appliances.
D、Because they tend to miscalculate the energy consumption of larger appliances.
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。定位句指出人们没能意识到通过提高电器的工作效率节约能源的原因,即人们低估了高能耗电器的用电需求,故答案为C)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3xc7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Accordingtothe1stparagraph,expertshaveinterestsin______.Whenenteringanewculture,theproblemspeoplefaceare__
AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganisation,malaria,adiseasespreadbymosquitoes,affectsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.Ever
A、Disappointment.B、Anger.C、Contentment.D、Sympathy.B观点态度题。四个选项都是表达感受的名词,可猜测问的是某人的态度。问题问及男士料想太太对其过失会有什么反应。对话最后男士夸张地说为自己的葬礼买花,可
A、Askfordirections.B、Tryadifferentroutetothebeach.C、Canceltheirtrip.D、Gobackforthemap.D本题从W提到的turnaround可知,他们
Securitiesandcommodityexchangesaretradingpostswherepeoplemeetwhowishtobuyorsell.The【S1】______themselvesdonotr
Wehadalongwait,butitwas______becausewegottheticketsofthemovie.
A、Theweatherforecastsarealwayscorrect.B、Thetyphoonisalreadyarealthing.C、Theweatherforecastisusuallyinaccurate.
A、Onacampus.B、Inahospital.C、Inalibrary.D、Inadepartmentstore.B
OneofAmerica’smostimportant【B1】______ishermodernmusic.Americanpopularmusicisplayedallovertheworld.Itisenjoye
ScholarshipsWhatarescholarshipsScholarshipsareoneofthemostattractiveformsoffinancialaidbecausetheyarea
随机试题
人在成年以后的社会化,被称为【】
生命周期法的各个阶段包括
一个完整的计算机系统应包括_______。
下列不属于广义教育制度范畴的是()
患者素有眩晕,性情急躁,时见肢端和面颊发麻,喜食肥甘,嗜烟酒,近两年来症状明显加重,就诊前与人口角,眩晕随之加剧,继而昏仆倒地,不省人事,牙关紧闭,面赤无汗,双手固握,舌淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑而数。诊断为( )。
陈某和其妻子经常争吵,但是其妻子又不愿意与其离婚,陈某遂萌生往其妻子饭里下毒杀害其妻的念头,但是又不忍心杀害自己的儿子。所以陈某将儿子送到相隔300里的父母家。并嘱咐儿子千万不要回家。陈某回家后在饭菜里下了毒就出去了。其儿子不愿意在奶奶家呆,遂偷偷跑回家。
[2016年第58题]5kg质量块振动,其自由振动规律x=xsinωnt,如果振动的圆频率为30rad/s,则此系统的刚度系数为()。
竣工决算财务报表之间的逻辑关系是()。
工艺准备的质量控制通常包括哪些内容()
吸收社会闲散资金,可以“变小钱为大钱,变死钱为活钱”,有利于国家现代化建设。我国目前最大限度地吸收社会闲散资金的形式是()。
最新回复
(
0
)