首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Children’s fears come and go, but most children experience similar types of fears at approximately the same age. For toddlers,
Children’s fears come and go, but most children experience similar types of fears at approximately the same age. For toddlers,
admin
2013-01-20
62
问题
Children’s fears come and go, but most children experience similar types of fears at approximately the same age. For toddlers, the worst fears are often associated with separation and change. Toddlers want their own mommy, daddy, .spoon, chair, and bed. They are profoundly conservative little people. The most daring toddlers feel content if they can hold onto what they already know. Yet, children’s fears are a useful index of their development. Fear of strangers appears to be a consequence of their first specific attachment, and its ending is a sign that they have acquired a more inclusive schema of faces and people in general. A child who is afraid of cats but not of rabbits evidently can differentiate one small animal from another. Fear of a particular person implies recognition of that person. Parents can be of assistance, both in overcoming fears and in preventing their development. They can prepare a child through play, stories, and happy prognostications for dealing with new situations that might be overwhelming; give prompt and unstinted comfort after a frightening experience; and devise ways in which a child can be gently and gradually—not abruptly— encouraged to take another look at feared objects and situations. Avoidance of the feared object reinforces the fear, and the fear becomes increasingly intense. Children’s fears should be taken seriously, never ridiculed or dismissed as silly or babyish. Often, if the caregiver can get the child to explain exactly what it is that is so frightening, the bald can be reassured. The one thing not to do is to force children into confronting a feared situation before they are ready to do so.
Almost all children are afraid of something and, as with adults, these fears are often well- grounded. If we are in an open field during a thunderstorm, we probably have good reason to be afraid of lightning. But occasionally fear of something gets out of control and becomes a phobia. A phobia is an irrational fear of something. A child may be afraid of the dark and hesitate to go up the stairs alone at night. But when the child refuses to remain in a place where there is no light, such as the movies or bus or her bedroom, the fear is taking too great a toll on the child’s development. There are many different ways that phobias are treated in children. One of these techniques, commonly referred to as contact desensitization, is a behavioral technique designed to’ eliminate unnatural fears. This exact technique was used in one study with fifty snake-avoidant children ranging in age from three to nine years. To see which technique was most effective, the fifty children were divided into five groups:
A. Members of the "contact desensitization group" were told about snakes and how to approach them, were encouraged by an adult to approach a snake, were given praise when they tried, and watched one adult hold the snake.
B. The "contact desensitization without touch group" received all that group A did, but no one touched the snake.
C. The "verbal input plus modeling group" received verbal input and modeling (when the adult touched the snake).
D. The "verbal input only" received only verbal assurances from the adult.
E. Finally, one group of children received no treatment and, hence, was called the "no treatment group."
The researchers used something called the Behavior Avoidance Test to see if there was a reduction in avoidance of the snake. The results showed that 82 percent of the children in the contact desensitization group reduced their fear of snakes. Children in the other groups also reduced their fear, but not as dramatically.
Fears are something we all have to live with. When they get out of hand, a technique like the one we described here can be very useful in assisting a child through a difficult experience.
In Paragraph 1, the sentence "The most daring toddlers feel content if they’ can hold onto what they already know" can best be described as having which of the following effects on the reader?
选项
A、It focuses the reader’s attention on the wide variety of children’s fears.
B、It informs the reader of a specific type of fear.
C、It helps the reader understand children’s fears from an adult perspective.
D、It allows the reader to decide how best to handle children’s fears.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3y2O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
ThebuffalowhichthelionfellsprovokeshisaggressionaslittleastheappetizingturkeywhichIhavejustseenhanginginth
IntheUnitedStatesandinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld,therearefourmainwaysforpeopletobe【1】aboutdevelopment
IntheUnitedStatesandinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld,therearefourmainwaysforpeopletobe【1】aboutdevelopment
Hereissomeadviceonfoodshopping.The【1】familyspendsaboutone-sixthofitsincome【2】food.Becausefoodisexpensive,iti
AnOhioStateUniversitystudyhaslinkedbehaviorinyoungchildren【1】thetypeofjobtheirmotherhas.Motherswithcomplexoc
Ipersonallyamoffendedbywhattheyhavetriedtodoinaverymisleadingwaywith,whatI’vesaidabouttwoofmypersonal___
AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockHudson【1】publicconcern-aboutthe【2】almosttothepointofpanic.Nowgen
AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockHudson【1】publicconcern-aboutthe【2】almosttothepointofpanic.Nowgen
(66)Astateuniversitypresidentwasarrestedtodayandchargedwithimpersonateapoliceofficerbecame,theauthoritiessay,
Theworld’spopulationcontinuestogrow.Therenowareabout4billionofusonearth.Thatcouldreach6billionbytheendof
随机试题
A.肉桂B.杜仲C.白鲜皮D.秦皮E.厚朴内表面红棕色而油润,两层中间有1条黄棕色的线纹,气香浓烈,味甜、辣的药材是()。
为什么水源是地下水时也需消毒处理?
写出与下列判断等值的联言判断,并用真值表加以验证。并非“或者他是劳动模范,或者是运动健将。”(用p表示“他是劳动模范”,q表示“他是运动健将”。)
甲公司向乙公司转让了一项技术秘密。技术转让合同履行完毕后,经查该技术秘密是甲公司通过不正当手段从丙公司获得的,但乙公司对此并不知情,且支付了合理对价。下列哪一表述是正确的?(2013年卷三第16题)
用友报表系统中,只能生成报表数据,不能进行图表分析。 ( )
甲公司为上市公司,该公司内部审计部门在对其2013年度财务报表进行内审时,对以下交易或事项的会计处理提出疑问:(1)2013年12月31日,甲公司有以下两份尚未履行的合同:①2013年2月,甲公司与乙公司签订一份不可撤销合同,约定在2014年3月以每
凡要求计算的项目,均须列出计算过程;计算结果出现小数的,均保留小数点后两位小数。甲有限责任公司(简称甲公司)为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率为17%。原材料等存货按实际成本进行日常核算。2009年1月1日有关账户余额如表所示:2009年甲公司发生
下列美术作品与创作者对应不正确的一项是()。
将语句依次填入下面横线处,衔接最恰当的一组是:庐山瀑布群是有历史的,____________。庐山瀑布群便是以不同的风貌向世人展示她的万般风情。①赞颂其壮观雄伟,给庐山瀑布带来了极高的声誉②庐山瀑布群还有开生瀑、石门涧、玉帘泉、黄龙潭和乌龙潭瀑布等
遇人要热情,______是陌生人,______不能做出一付冷酷的样子。
最新回复
(
0
)