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  3. Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of ho

Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of ho

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问题     Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of how short-term goals affect long-term consequences. While it is true that economics is generally focused on achieving short-term maximization of resources, it must be kept in mind that the long-term is never neglected. One of the most intrinsic concepts in the field of economics is game theory, which examines how the choices immediately facing an individual will affect his subsequent breadth of choices that emerge afterward.
    For example, consider the case of a manager of a business who must decide whether to create a shoddy product, aware of the fact that ignorant buyers will buy an equal amount of the item regardless of its quality, since they know nothing about it yet. Assume that creating a shoddy product is less expensive than creating merchandise of higher quality. Short-term economics would argue that it is the best course of action for the manager to create the low-quality item, since the same reward would be achieved for a lower price.
    More properly applied economics, however, would demand further consideration, taking into account the long-term. While creating a shoddy product in the long term would boost short-term profits, it would also cause buyers not to purchase from the manager’s company in the future, resulting in a significant loss in long-term profits. Consequently, the boost in short-term profit would have to be weighed against the loss in long-term profits, providing a more realistic and applicable aspect to the decision making process. When game theory comes into play, economics becomes a more useful tool in real-world situations.
    Having examined the way in which game theory is applied, its name now makes sense. Game theory is similar to a chess game, in which the effects of one’s choices on the other players in "the game" must be considered prior to action. In that sense, the application of economics to practical decision-making becomes at once more complicated yet more sensible. One must always be thinking ahead and anticipating future scenarios based on current situations, for although economics is concerned with maximization, maximization is a long-term, not a short-term, goal.
The text shows that the author views economics as______.
选项 A、a science useful for decision-making in both the long and the short term, as demonstrated by the example of game theory
B、an entirely applicable science, despite common criticisms of short-sightedness
C、a short sighted science, except for the concept of game theory
D、the most practical and useful method by which to determine the proper solutions to long and short term questions
答案A
解析 属态度推断题。文章第一段对常见的有关经济学的观点进行批驳；第二、三段以博弈理论为例进行具体阐述，其中第三段第三、四句进行总结。由此可知，选项A正确。选项B(entirely概括太广)与第三段最后一句意思不符：如果运用博弈理论，经济学就会成为现实世界中一个更加有用的工具。选项C与第一段内容不符；选项D(most语气太绝对)与最后一段第二句内容不符：在这个意义上，经济学在实际决策中的应用就变得更加复杂也更加切合实际了。
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