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  3. Smart Windows Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the wi

Smart Windows Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the wi

admin2016-08-16  45
问题                         Smart Windows
    Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associr ate with an advanced technology. Reseachers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.
    " It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He’ s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. " It’ s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. " So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’ re stuck indoors
    Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter, cold air leaks in. When it’ s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air condition-ers. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的), actually sucks up e-normous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
    Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing(用玻璃覆盖),and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic(发色的)technologies which involve changes of color.
    Electrochromic(电致色的)windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide(氧化钨)works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxides is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it’ s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
    One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory". All it takes is a small change of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. "In the future," Granqvist says,"our buildings may look different. "
According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that______.
选项 A、are coated
B、are glazed
C、have several layers
D、can change color
答案D
解析 第四段主要讲到科学家对通过窗户来达到节能的效果进行了长时间的研究——智能窗户在镀层窗户、覆盖窗户等基础上更进一步运用了发色技术，其中就包含了变色这一功能，故选D。前三个选项都是以前科学家们对普通窗户进行的改造，不属于智能窗户的范畴，均排除。
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