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  3. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them

admin2019-08-08  36
问题    Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them to wheel chairs. In the end, typically when they are in their 20s, it kills them. 【F1】Patients and parents are understandably thrilled, therefore, at the decision taken by America’s drug agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to approve the first treatment for such disease. No one could fail to be moved by their campaign to win approval. At an FDA meeting this year one sufferer pleaded: "please don’t let me die early."
   Nonetheless, the decision bodes ill for drug discovery in America. Sarepta Therapeutics, the firm behind the drug, did not meet the usual standards for approval to market it. Staff at the FDA’s drug-evaluation division are skeptical about the efficacy of its drug. They argue that the clinical evidence before them involved a flawed experiment on only 12 patients. But the division’s director overruled them. The FDA has asked Sarepta to conduct further trials to confirm that its drug works.
   Shareholders in Sarepta do not have to wait that long to reap the benefits. After the news of the approval broke, the firm’s share price rose from $28 to $49. On September 28th a health insurer announced that it would pay for the drug in certain cases. The treatment will not come cheap: its gross annual cost could be as much as $665,600 per patient. Politicians have been urging the FDA to be more responsive to the needs of patients; 【F2】the families of patients did what anyone would, given the choice between the certainty of a bad outcome and the possibility of a better one, and campaigned for treatments to come to market. 【F3】The drug was approved under a special program that allows drugs to go on sale more quickly when they treat grave conditions with unmet needs. But that should not mean that standards for clinical trials are watered down.
   【F4】The pact between drug makers and society is that innovative drugs win market exclusivity as a reward for the money that has been spent developing them. Weakening the FDA’s standards for approval has two harmful effects. First, it creates an incentive for meaningless innovation. Second, it passes more of the risk involved in drug development to consumers and taxpayers. 【F5】In the future the FDA ought to stick to the clear standard that has served it well for decades: do not approve a drug unless it has been shown to work.
【F2】
选项
答案一边必然为坏结果，而另一边则有可能是好结果，在此选择中，患者家属做了每个人都会做的决定，他们发起了让该疗法上市的活动。
解析 ①本句为并列的主从复合句，当中包含一个宾语从句。②句首of patients作the families的后置定语，说明the families的具体范围。后面what引导的宾语从句为避免重复，省略了谓语do。③两个逗号之间given the choice between…of a better one为插入语，修饰主语the families of patients，补充说明患者家属面临着两个怎样的选择。其中，of a bad outcome作the certainty的后置定语，修饰中心词certainty；of a better one作the possibility的后置定语。④不定式短语to come to market为目的状语，修饰谓语campaigned for，说明为该疗法发起活动的目的。
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