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  3. Variability in individual physical traits both are determined through genetic factors, environmental factors, and interaction be

Variability in individual physical traits both are determined through genetic factors, environmental factors, and interaction be

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问题 Variability in individual physical traits both are determined through genetic factors, environmental factors, and interaction between these factors.
选项 A、both are determined through genetic factors, environmental factors, and interaction between
B、are both determined by genetic factors, environmental factors, as well as interaction among
C、both is determined by genetic factors, environmental factors, and interaction between
D、is determined through genetic factors, environmental factors, as well as interaction among
E、is determined by genetic factors, environmental factors, and interaction between
答案E
解析 Agreement; Grammatical construction
In discussing the factors that produce variations in individuals’ physical traits, the sentence uses the structure both... and... unnecessarily and incorrectly: this structure can coordinate exactly two elements of a sentence, whereas here, three elements (genetic factors, environmental factors, and interaction between them) are named. The preposition by is more idiomatic than through with determined.The subject of the sentence is the noun phrase variability in .. .traits, so the verb of which it is subject must be singular, whereas are is plural. The preposition among (unlike between) is normally used to indicate some relationship involving more than two elements.
A This has multiple problems, as indicated.
Replacing both are determined through with the phrase is determined by would greatly improve the overall structure of the given sentence.
B The verb are is plural but should be singular, since its subject is singular. The word both should be omitted. Introducing as well as into the sentence without certain other changes is not an improvement; the phrase is not substitutable for and without further changes elsewhere in the sentence.
C The word both in this case raises the expectation that exactly two elements would be coordinated, but this does not occur here.
D The preposition through is unidiomatic with determined. The. phrase as well as cannot be used in the same way as and can (in this case, to coordinate three elements in a series).
E Correct. The singular verb is has variability as its subject. Three elements in a series are coordinated, using two commas plus and. The preposition between is correctly used to refer to a relationship involving two sets of factors.
The correct answer is E.
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