2. 外语
  3. Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.

Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.

admin2021-01-06  41
问题    Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.
   Trying to live up to the images of "perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US $ 2,000 per person.
   Why is there both external and internal pressure to look "perfect"? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.
   While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
   Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
   As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight—they think they’re heavier than they are—while men tend to under-perceive theirs.
   We found no relationship between the average person’s self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem (自尊心), mental health and health behaviors.
   While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
   Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.
What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?
选项 A、Banning discrimination on the basis of employees’ body image.
B、Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.
C、Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.
D、Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.
答案A
解析 细节辨认题。定位句指出，由于雇主对体重的看法是影响劳动力市场的重要因素，因此修改反歧视法规，将体型加入其中作为一个类别，将会有所帮助。由此可见，禁止对员工身体形象的歧视将有助于改善现状，故答案为A)。
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