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  3. Plants and Diseases 1 Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 di

Plants and Diseases 1 Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 di

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问题                                    Plants and Diseases
1  Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant diseases are all to obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political unrest disastrous to the order of the world.
2  Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a suceptibility(易感性) to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight(枯萎病) may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related diseases.
3  Plant scientists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens(病原菌) of various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation(大批出没)of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. Other diseases might be caused by fungus(真菌)which attacks the plant in the form of rust.
4  Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.
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