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  3. Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply

admin2010-07-06  63
问题      Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.
     If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privilege, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in group that they may evaluate a given price.
According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to
选项 A、labor and education.
B、transportation and insurance.
C、utilities and repairs.
D、products and services.
答案D
解析 本题考查细节理解。文章第二段中提到：“完全理解某一个商品的价格不仅仅局限在商品的金额上。买卖双方除了要熟悉金额，还要熟悉商品的质量和数量、交易和支付的时间、地点、所使用货币的方式、信贷用语和交易折扣、商品担保、交货用语、退货权利等其他因素”。可以看出价格是与产品和服务相关的。因此选项D 为正确答案。
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