2. 外语
  3. Octopuses show surprising cognitive abilities: solving mazes, learning cues, and remembering solutions. Furthermore, recent stud

Octopuses show surprising cognitive abilities: solving mazes, learning cues, and remembering solutions. Furthermore, recent stud

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问题     Octopuses show surprising cognitive abilities: solving mazes, learning cues, and remembering solutions. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that octopuses may display the first “personalities” ever measured in an invertebrate: confronted with the same threats and food stimuli, individual octopuses react differently. Until recently, such traits were thought to be exclusive to higher vertebrates and to develop primarily among long-lived, social animals. Longevity, it was thought, justifies the biological “investment” in big, complex brains. Why would the short- lived, solitary octopus develop such traits? Mather postulates that animals that pursue varied food sources in changeable, perilous habitats must develop a wide range of hunting and defensive strategies. Variation in the temperament of individuals enhances survival in a volatile, competitive milieu by ensuring that different individuals respond differently to changing conditions so some will thrive.
Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
选项 A、It articulates a conjecture central to Mather’s theory.
B、It identifies a trait that is thought to be unique to social species.
C、It presents evidence that undermines a formerly widely held view.
D、It explains the logic underlying a view that has recently been challenged.
E、It points out a crucial distinction between cognitively complex species and other species.
答案D
解析 指出群居动物的特征，这是第三句的功能，而定位句则是解释了第四句观点背后的原理，因此选项D正确。A、C、E项：本题属于功能题，定位句很明显是用于支持前一句的老观点的，因此可以排除选项A、C、E。
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