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  3. Today concern for the environment extends into such areas as chemical pollution of the air we breathe and the water we drink, st

Today concern for the environment extends into such areas as chemical pollution of the air we breathe and the water we drink, st

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问题     Today concern for the environment extends into such areas as chemical pollution of the air we breathe and the water we drink, strip mining, dam and road building, noise pollution, offshore oil drilling, nuclear energy, waste disposal, the use of aerosol cans and nonreturnable beverage containers and a host of other issues. In fact, there is hardly a realm of national life that is not touched by the controversy that often pits those who style themselves environmentalists against proponents of economic growth in our energy-consuming society. The problem is to balance the needs of the environment against those of the economy or consumers trying to cope with the high cost of living without destroying the earth on which we all depend. In this sense, it is important how nations should go about making environmental policies choice. Public awareness education on environment should be enhanced among citizens.
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答案 今天，环境问题已扩大到以下领域：人们呼吸的空气和饮用的水之化学污染、露天采矿、堤坝和道路的建设、噪音污染、近岸钻井采油、核能、废物处理、气溶胶罐和不回收的饮料罐的使用以及一系列其他的问题。事实上，国民生活的方方面面无不涉及一种争议，这一争议往往使以环境论者自居的人同我们耗能型社会的经济增长主张者对立起来。问题其实是要在环保需求同经济消耗需求之间找到平衡，既可应付高昂的生活费用又不会破坏人们赖以生存的环境。从这个意义上说，国家如何着手选择环境政策至关重要，应该在公民中开展关于增强公共环境意识的教育。
解析    (1)Today concern for the environment extends into such areas as chemical pollution of theair we breathe and the water we drink，strip mmmg，dam and road building，noise pollution，offshore oil drilling，nuclear energy，waste disposal，the use of aerosol cans and nonreturnable beverage containers and a host of other issues．此句较长，主要句架为：Today concern for the environment extends into such areas as…；其中pollution of the air we breathe和the water we drink都嵌套了不带that的定语从句。翻译时可译为“的"字结构：“人们呼吸的空气和饮用的水"，由于代词we为泛指，可灵活译为汉语的“人们”，而句中第二次出现的we则可以省略不译。concern for the environment中介词结构for the environment后置修饰名词concern。句中的roadbuilding，noise pollution，offshore oil drilling，nuclear energy，waste disposal等均为名词作定语，翻译时不需要调整语序，直译即可。
   (2)In fact，there is hardly a realm of national life that is not touched by the controversythat often pits those who style themselves environmentalists against proponents of economicgrowth in our energy-consuming society．此句中从句嵌套关系十分复杂。主要句架为：…thereis…life that…the controversy that…who…其中there is hardly a realm of national life that为否定句，意为：“国民生活的任何一个方面无不……”。
    否定副词hardly有“几乎不；简直不；绝不；一点也不”等意，又如：
    This is hardly the time to discuss such matters．
    在现在讨论这事根本不合适。
    It was so dark that I could hardly see．
    天太黑，我几乎看不见。
    It rained for such a short time that it hardly dampened the ground．
    雨只下了一会儿，地面几乎没被打湿。
    I can hardly ask him directly for more money．
    我几乎不能直接向他再要钱。
    He hardly ever eats meat．
    他几乎从不吃肉。
    Peter is hardly ever late．
    玛丽几乎从不迟到。
   (3)The problem is to balance the needs of the environment against those of the economy or consumers trying to cope with the high cost of living without destroying the earth on which we all depend．此句主要框架为：
    The problem is to balance the needs of…
    句中trying to cope with the high cost of living without destroying the earth on which we all depend为后置定语。其中又嵌套了一个定语从句：on which we all depend，修饰名词the earth， 介词on放在关系代词which的前面，相当于：the earth which we all depend on．
    句中balance作动词用，表示“使……均衡”，又如：
    My accounts balance for the first time this year．
    今年我的账目竟首次出现收支平衡。
    Balanced the pros and cons before making a final decision．
    在做出最后决定前先权衡利弊。
    介词against有“防备，防御；反对”等意，又如：
    against the cold防寒
    against a rainy day防备雨天
    We won our match against that team．
    我们在比赛中赢了那个队。
    No one is against this proposal．
    没有人反对这个提议。
    Some think that it’s unnecessary to take medicine against the flu．
    有人认为没必要服药预防流感。
    动词短语cope with意为：“处理；对付，应付；克服(with)；(机会均等地)竞争；抗衡(with)”，又如：
    cope with unexpected catastrophes应对突如其来的灾难
    No one can cope with him in English．
    在英语方面谁都无法与他抗衡。
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